CBSE Questions for Class 10 Geography Minerals And Energy Resources Quiz 5 - MCQExams.com

Coal and petroleum are categorised as fuel minerals. Fuel minerals are mainly three types namely coal, petroleum and natural gas. These are carbonaceous fuels. These are extracted from earth and are formed by fossil decomposition and are hence called fossil fuels. These fuels form major source of energy.

• Aluminum is extracted from bauxite ore.
  
• Bauxite is obtained from the residual mass of weathered material after rock decomposition.
  
• Bauxite is actually not a mineral. It is a rock formed from a laterite soil that has been severely leached of silica and other soluble materials in a wet tropical or subtropical climate. 
  

• Magnetite and haematite are good quality ores of iron.
  
• The iron is usually found in the form of magnetite which has 72.4% iron, hematite with 69.9% iron, goethite with 62.9% iron, limonite and siderite with 48.2% iron.
  

• The metal extracted from bauxite ore is aluminium. It is world’s primary source of aluminium. The ore is first chemically processed to produce alumina or aluminium oxide. Alumina is smelted next by electrolysis to produce aluminium.
  
• Largest producer of bauxite is Australia.
  

A petroleum refinery is a place where crude oil dug out from earth is processed and refined to produce final useful products like petrol, diesel, heating oil, kerosene and LPG etc.

Petrochemical industries are located close to refineries because transportation of petroleum and its products are always dangerous hence the distance is always kept minimised.

Damodar valley is called Ruhr of India because it has similar characteristics with that of Ruhr which is located in Germany. The characteristic is that Ruhr has immense coal resources. In the same way Damodar valley accounts for 6% of the coal reserves of India.

India is bestowed with numerous valuable mines. In terms of value Odisha leads the mineral production. Odisha has a share of 10.62% of the production. It is located on north eastern peninsular belt.

• Manganese is a chemical compound that is not found as a free element. It is often found as an alloy mixed with iron. It is mainly used in production of stainless steel.
  
• It is found surplus in India. The main reserves are found in Karnataka, followed by Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Goa. India is the fifth largest producer of manganese, first being Brazil.
  

Coal has many important uses worldwide.

Coal in India is mostly used for energy generation like electricity generation and as liquid fuel. Steam coal - also known as thermal coal - is mainly used in power generation.

• Being malleable, ductile and a good conductor, copper is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics  and chemical industries.
  
• Aluminium is an important metal because it combines the strength of metals such as iron, with extreme lightness and also with good conductivity and great malleability.
  
• Due to its excellent dielectric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, mica is one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries.
  

Kochi oil refinery is located in the Kochi district of Kerala state. It has a production capacity of 9.5 million tonnes per annum. It is a public sector owned organisation. Petrochemical products are obtained from here.

Raniganj power plant is located in the Bardhhaman district of west Bengal. Discovery of coal led to industrialisation in this area. It is a pithead coal based thermal power plant.

• The famous Digboi, Naharkatiya petroleum deposits are in the state of Assam.
  
• First oil refinery in India was set up in Digboi a town in Tinsukia district of assam state. Digboi is also known as oil city. Oil refinery here was started in and around 1901
  
• Naharkatiya is a town in Dibrugarh district in Assam. It is well-known for petroleum and gas reserves.
  

• Raniganj power plant is located in the Barddhaman district of west Bengal. Discovery of coal led to industrialisation in this area. It is a pithead coal based thermal power plant.
  
• Coal mining in India first started in the Raniganj Coalfield. In 1774, John Sumner and Suetonius Grant Heatly of the British East India Company found coal.
  

The ocean waters contain vast quantities of minerals, but most of these are too widely diffused to be of economic significance. However, common salt, magnesium and bromine are largely derived from ocean waters. The ocean beds, too, are rich in manganese nodules.

The only oil field of India is called Mumbai high which is located 176 kilometres off the coast of Mumbai. Operations are done by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation of India.

This was discovered by Russian and Indian oil exploration team. It is located in gulf of Kambat. Bombay High crude has more than 60% paraffinic content while light Arabian crude has only 25% paraffin.

The important export from Visakhapatnam port is iron. Bhilai steel plant which is located in the state of Chhattisgarh and Rourkela steel plant in Odisha, fall under the proximity of Visakhapatnam and hence this port serves the need of transport of steel of these two plants apart from Vizag steel plants requirement of transport. 

• Galena, also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide.
  
•  It is the most important ore of lead and an important source of silver. 
  
• Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals.
  
•  Most of the lead minerals, such as Cerussite and Anglesite are secondary minerals formed from Galena.
  

• The chief importer of Indian iron ore is United Kingdom.
  
• It imports around 8.67 billion worth iron from India. Though it is one of the major importer, the highest imports are carried with United States which accounts for 40.19 billion value.
  

• An inexhaustible resource is one that is replaceable, while an exhaustible resource is not replaceable.
  
• Minerals are natural resources and they cannot be replaced by man.
  
• Therefore, the constant use of minerals at this rate will lead to their exhaustion. Thus, they are considered as exhaustible natural resources.
  

• Chile is the world's largest producer of copper, followed by China and Peru. 
  
• Chile produces 5,750,000 tonnes of copper annually.