CBSE Questions for Class 10 Political Science Federalism Quiz 5 - MCQExams.com

The federal Structure means the existence of two governments i.e., center and states. The Federation has Written Constitution and express distribution of powers of Central and State Government. The Constitution of India has these feature of the federation.

Currently, the Union of India consists of 29 states and 9 Union territories. The most recently formed state is Telangana which was created by separation from Andhra Pradesh on  2 June 2014. Union Territories are 9 including the Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.

Comptroller and Auditor General of India is a constitutional authority appointed by the President whose function is to audit accounts for the Union and State Governments. He is responsible for preparing the audit of the expenditures drawn from the consolidated fund of India.

A cooperative society is a voluntary organization of the individuals for the achievement of common economic interest. The item "cooperative society" is a state subject and falls under the Second list in the seventh schedule meaningly that state has right to make law on and related subject matter of "cooperative society".

Option C is the correct answer. All revenues received by the Union Government by way of taxes and other receipts for the conduct of Government business are credited to the Consolidated Fund of India. Consolidated Fund of India is the most important of all government accounts. This fund was constituted under Article 266 (1) of the Constitution of India. All revenues received by the government by way of direct taxes and indirect taxes, money borrowed and receipts from loans given by the government flow into the Consolidated Fund of India.

Article 3 of the Indian Constitution deals with formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States. It states that Parliament by law can increase the area of any State, diminish the area of any State, alter the boundaries of any State, alter the name of any State .

The Consolidated Fund of India is formed under Article 266(1) of the Constitution. The taxes received by the government including central tax, income tax, excise tax, and certain non-tax revenues are credited in the Consolidated Fund. Authority of Parliament is required for withdrawing any amount from this fund. Public Account is formed under Article 266(2) of the Constitution. All the public money received by or on behalf of government other than those that covered under Consolidated Fund, are credited to Public Account. The authorization of Parliament is not required for withdrawing money from this fund.

The exact balance of power between the central and the state government varies from one federation to another. This balance depends mainly on the historical context in which the federation was formed. There are two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed. The first route involves independent States coming together on their own to forma bigger unit, so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining identity they can increase their security. This type of coming together federations include the USA, Switzerland and Australia. In this first category of federations, all the constituent States usually have equal power and are strong vis--vis the federal government. The second route is where a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent States and the national government. India, Spain and Belgium are examples of this kind of holding together federations. In this second category, the central government tends to be more powerful vis--vis the States. Very often different constituent units of the federation have unequal powers. Some units are granted special powers.

India had emerged as an independent nation after a painful and bloody partition. Soon after Independence, several princely states became a part of the country. The Constitution declared India as a Union of States. Although it did not use the word federation, the Indian Union is based on the principles of federalism.
The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government or what we call the Central Government, representing the Union of India and the State governments. Later, a third tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities.

all States in the Indian Union do not have identical powers. Some States enjoy a special status. States such as Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram enjoy special powers under certain provisions of the Constitution of India (Article 371)due to their peculiar social and historical circumstances. These special powers are especially enjoyed in relation to the protection of land rights of indigenous peoples, their culture and also preferential employment in government services. Indians who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house here. Similar special provisions exist for some other States of India as well. There are some units of the Indian Union which enjoy very little power. These are areas which are too small to become an independent State but which could not be merged with anyof the existing States. These areas, like Chandigarh, or Lakshadweep or the capital city of Delhi, are called Union Territories. These territories do not have the powers of a State. The Central Government has special powers in running these areas. This sharing of power between the Union Government and the State governments is basic to the structure of the Constitution. It is not easy to make changes to this power sharing arrangement. The Parliament cannot on its own change this arrangement. Any change to it has to be first passed by both the Houses of Parliament with at least two-thirds majority. Then it has to be ratified by the legislatures of at least half of the total States.

Panchayati Raj is a system of governance in which are the basic unit of administrations. It has 33 levels: Gram panchayat(village level), Mandal Parishad or block samiti or panchayat samiti(block level) and Zila parishad(district level).

D is the correct option.

Argentina Federal

Option (B)
The transformation of Belgium from unitary to a federal form of government which was prevented a possible division of Belgium on linguistic lines.

Option (D)
Some states like Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram enjoy special powers under certain provisions of the Constitution of India (Article 371) because of their peculiar social and historical circumstances.

Business is included in the State list

India is example of  holding together federations whereas USA, Switzerland and Australia are examples of  coming together federations.

The sub-units are subordinate to the central government is the feature of Unitary form of government 

Marriage is included in the Concurrent List

Posts and telegraphs; telephones, wireless, broadcasting and other like forms of communication comes under SEVENTH SCHEDULE of Union list.

The exact balance of power between the central and the state government varies from one federation to another. This balance depends mainly on the historical context in which the federation was formed. There are two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed. The first route involves independent States coming together on their own to form a bigger unit so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining identity they can increase their security. This type of coming together federation include the USA, Switzerland and Australia.

• Goa did not become part of the Indian Union in August, 1947
• Goa had joined Indian Union in 1962 as Union territory
• Goa became full-fledged state in 1987

• Ramachandra Guha said " it is the formation of linguistic states that has allowed India to escape what might have been a worse fate still"
• Ramachandra Guha is a famous author and historian who supported linguistic formation of states in India.
• He said linguistic states help to strengthen Indian unity.
  

• Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.

Federal features of the Indian Constitution are:

• Bicameralism at Federal level
  
• Independent and Impartial Judiciary
• Division of powers
• Written Constitution
• Rigid feature

Supremacy of the Constitution.

The federal system thus has dual objectives: to safeguard and promote unity of the country, while at the same time accommodate regional diversity. Therefore, two aspects are crucial for the institutions and practice of federalism. 

• Holding together federation is nothing but the division of powers between the states of the country and central government of that country.
• Central government has relatively more powers than the states.
• India is a fine example of holding together federation.
• 'Coming together' federation is nothing but independent states coming together on their own to form a bigger state or country.
• All the constituent States usually have equal power and are strong vis-à-vis the federal government. 
  
• USA, Switzerland are examples of coming together federations.

• 'Coming together' federation is nothing but independent states coming together on their own to form a bigger state or country.
• Independent states pool their sovereignty but retain their independent status.
• USA, Switzerland and Australia are examples of such type of federation.

• The State Reorganization Commission was appointed by Pandit Nehru in 1953.
• Th commission was headed by Hon. Fazl Ali.
  
• The commission was appointed to review the reorganization of states on linguistic basis.

A major step towards decentralisation was taken in 1992. The Constitution was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective.