Explanation
Purchase Price of Machine on 1.01.2012 = Rs 25,000
Rate of Depreciation = 30% p.a
Calculation of depreciation as at 31st December 2013
Original cost as on 1.01.2012 = Rs 25,000
Less: Depreciation at the end
as on 31.3.2012
(25,000 X 30% X 3/12) = Rs (1875)
Book Value as on 1.01.2012 = Rs 23125
On 31.3.2013 = Rs (6937)
Book Value on 31.12.2013 = Rs 16187.5
Less: Depreciation till
31.12.2013 = Rs (3642.18)
Book Value as at 31.12.2013 = Rs 12545.3.
=5,00,000(Rounded off).
The main causes of depreciation include the following
1. Physical wear and Tear: Physical wear and Tear when the fixed assets are put to use, the value of such assets may decrease such decrease in the value of the asset is said to be due to physical wear and tear
2. With the passage of time: When the assets are exposed to the forces of nature like weather, winds, rains, etc the value of such an asset may decrease even if they are not put to any use.
3. Changes in the economic environment: The value of an asset may decrease due to a decrease in demand for the asset. The demand for the asset may decrease due to technological changes, changes in habit of the customer etc.
4. Expiration of legal rights: When the use of an asset is governed by the time-bound arrangement, the value of such asset may decrease with the passage of time.
Here , formula for WDV is - deprecciation rate = 100 * (1-n√s/c)
where n = number of years , s = salvage value , c = cost of asset
=[1-4√40960/100000] * 100
= [1-4√0.4096] * 100
= [1-.80]*100
=.20*100
=20
1st year WDV = 200000*20% = 40000 = 200000-40000 = 160000
2nd Year WDV = 160000*20% = 160000-32000 = 128000
3rd Year WDV = 128000*20% = 25600
Depreciation should be provided irrespective of the increase in value of asset due to inflation. It is not appropriate to omit charging depreciation of a fixed asset on the grounds that its market value is greater than its net book value. If account is taken of such increased value by writing up the net book value of a fixed asset, then, an increased charge for depreciation will become necessary.
1st year WDV = 100000*20%=20000
but it is purchased on july , so 20000*6/12=10000
Purchase Price of Machine Rs. 80,000
Installation Charges Rs. 20,000.
Cost = Purchase Price of Machine + Installation Charges
= 80,000+20,000 = 100000
Residual Value Rs. 40,960
Useful life 4 years
Calculation of depreciation at the end of 1st year
Depreciation = Cost – Residual Value/ Estimated Useful life
=1,00,000-40,960/4
= 14760
Rate of Depreciation = Annual Depreciation/Cost of machinery X 100
=14760/1,00,000 X 100
= 14.76%
Book Value as on 31st March 1,00,000
Depreciation @14.76%
(1,00,000 X 14.76% X 9/12) = 11070.
The purpose of recording depreciation as an expense is to spread the initial price of the asset over its useful life. For intangible assets - such as brands and intellectual property - this process of allocating costs over time is called amortization.
Section 32(1) of the Act provides that depreciation is to be computed at the prescribed percentage on the written down value of the asset which in turn is calculated with reference to the actual cost of the assets. In the context of computing depreciation, it is important to understand the meaning of the term ‘WDV’ & ‘Actual Cost’.
The practice of reducing the value of assets to reflect their reduced worth over time. The term means the same as depreciation, though in practice amortisation tends to be used for the write-off of intangible assets, such as goodwill, while either term is used for the write-off of fixed capital.
Depreciation and Depletion: In fact, the term 'depletion' is used in respect of the extraction of natural resources like quarries, and mines, that reduces the availability of quantity of the material or asset. Depreciation, as stated earlier, is a loss in value of an asset generally arising on account of wear and tear.
Purchase Price of Machine Rs. 2,52,000 - Salvage value Rs. 12000 = Depreciable asset cost of Rs 2,40,000
6 year useful life = 1/6 depreciation rate per year
The reducing balance method of depreciation results in declining depreciation charges each accounting period. In other words, more depreciation is charged at the beginning of the asset's lifetime and less is charged towards the end. This can be useful when an asset has higher utility or productivity when it is new.
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