Explanation
Book value is a measure of all of a company's assets: stocks, bonds, inventory, manufacturing equipment, real estate, etc. In theory, book value should include everything down to the pencils and staples used by employees, but for simplicity's sake companies generally only include large assets that are easily quantified.
Depreciation reserve is a business fund in which the probable replacement cost of equipment is accumulated each year over the life of the asset. It can be replaced readily when it becomes obsolete and totally depreciated. It is the total depreciation charged against all productive assets as stated on the balance sheet.
The purpose of recording depreciation as an expense is to spread the initial price of the asset over its useful life. For intangible assets - such as brands and intellectual property - this process of allocating costs over time is called amortization.
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