Explanation
Since the standard deviation before the change was $$0$$, all the observation was the mean, or $$9$$. Since one observation was changed and the new mean is $$10$$, we have the following equation.
$$ \dfrac{9+9+9+9+x}{5}=10 $$
$$ \Rightarrow \dfrac{36+x}{5}=10 $$
$$ \Rightarrow 36+x=50 $$
$$ \Rightarrow x=14 $$
The changed observation is$$14$$ .
All the observations are$$\left\{ 9,9,9,9,14 \right\}$$
Since the mean is $$10$$,
The variance is
$$ \dfrac{\left[ {{\left( 9-10 \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( 9-10 \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( 9-10 \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( 9-10 \right)}^{2}}{{\left( 14-10 \right)}^{2}} \right]}{5} $$
$$ \Rightarrow \dfrac{\left( 1+1+1+1+16 \right)}{5} $$
$$ \Rightarrow 4 $$
Hence, the standard deviation is $$\sqrt{4}=2$$
The given bar graph represents the height (in cm) of $$50$$ students of class $$XI$$ of a particular school.
We can prepare frequency table from given bar graph as follows:
Heights(in cm) No. of students
$$140-144$$ $$7$$
$$145-149$$ $$11$$
$$150-154$$ $$17$$
$$155-159$$ $$9$$
$$160-164$$ $$6$$
$$165$$ -
Total number of students $$=50$$.
$$\textbf{Step 1: Construct the frequency table.}$$
$$\text{The given bar graph represents the height (in cm) of }50$$ $$\text{students of class }XI$$ $$\text{of a particular school.}$$
$$\text{We can prepare frequency table from given bar graph as follows:}$$
$$\text{Heights(in cm)}$$ $$\text{No. of students}$$
$$\text{Total number of students }=50$$.
$${\textbf{Step -1: Let initial mean}}$$ $${\mathbf{\left( {\overline x } \right)}}$$ $${\textbf{and standard deviation}}$$ $${\mathbf{\left( {{\sigma _1}} \right)}}$$$${\textbf{of 10 observation are 20 and 2 respectively.}}$$
$${\text{Now, each of these observations is multiplied by p and reduced by q.}}$$
$${\text{Thus, The new mean}}$$ $$ = \overline {{x_1}} = p\overline x - q \ldots \left( 1 \right)$$
$${\text{Also, it is given that the new mean is half of the original mean}}{\text{.}}$$
$$ \Rightarrow \overline {{x_1}} = \dfrac{1}{2}\overline x = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 20$$
$$ \Rightarrow \overline {{x_1}} = 10$$
$${\text{Substitute this value of new mean in equation 1.}}$$
$$ \Rightarrow 10 = p\left( {20} \right) - q$$
$$ \Rightarrow 20p - q = 10 \ldots \left( 2 \right)$$
$${\textbf{Step -2: Find the value of p and q using the standard deviation.}}$$
$${\text{New standard deviation is given by,}}$$
$${\sigma _2} = \left| p \right|{\sigma _1} \ldots \left( 3 \right)$$
$${\text{As it will not be affected by subtraction of q from each observation.}}$$
$${\text{It is given that new standard deviation is half of the original.}}$$
$$ \Rightarrow {\sigma _2} = \dfrac{1}{2}{\sigma _1} = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 2 = 1$$
$${\text{Substitute this value in equation 3.}}$$
$$ \Rightarrow \left| p \right| \times 2 = 1$$
$$ \Rightarrow p = \pm \dfrac{1}{2}$$
$${\textbf{Step -3: Find the value of q using p.}}$$
$${\text{If }}$$ $$p = \dfrac{1}{2}$$
$${\text{Then from equation 2 we have,}}$$
$$ \Rightarrow 20 \times \dfrac{1}{2} - q = 10$$
$$ \Rightarrow 10 - 10 = q$$
$$\Rightarrow q = 0$$ $$[\textbf{Rejected, as q}\neq 0]$$
$${\text{If }}$$ $$p = - \dfrac{1}{2}$$
$${\text{Using equation 2, we have,}}$$
$$ \Rightarrow 20 \times \left( { - \dfrac{1}{2}} \right) - q = 10$$
$$ \Rightarrow q = - 10 - 10$$
$$ \Rightarrow q = - 20$$
$${\textbf{Hence, option C. i.e.}}{\mathbf{\left ( -20 \right )}} {\textbf{ is the correct answer.}}$$
The given bar graph represents different shoe size worn by the students in a school.
Shoe size No. of students
$$4$$ $$250$$
$$5$$ $$200$$
$$6$$ $$300$$
$$7$$ $$400$$
$$8$$ $$150$$
Total number of students $$=1300$$.
Here, the total number of students wearing shoe size $$5$$ and $$8$$
$$=$$ Number of students wearing shoe size $$5$$ $$+$$ Number of students wearing shoe size $$8$$
$$=200+150=350$$ students.
Also, Number of students wearing shoe size $$6=300$$ students.
Since, $$350\ne300$$,
we can say that the total number of students wearing shoe size $$5$$ and $$8$$ is not same as the number of students wearing shoe size $$6$$.
That is the given statement is false and option $$B$$ is correct.
The given bar graph represents the number of matches played by cricket teams of different country.
Country No. of matches
India $$30$$
Pakistan $$24$$
West Indies $$20$$
England $$28$$
South Africa $$18$$
Australia $$32$$
Sri Lanka $$24$$
Clearly, the number of matches played by South Africa is $$18$$.
Hence, option $$B$$ is correct.
Total number of students $$=176$$.
Then, the number of more matches played by India than Pakistan
$$=$$ Number of matches played by India $$-$$ Number of matches played by Pakistan
$$=30-24=6$$ matches.
That is, India played $$6$$ matches more than Pakistan.
Hence, option $$A$$ is correct.
The country that played maximum number of matches will have the highest number of matches.
Clearly, the maximum number of matches are played by Australia $$(32)$$.
Hence, option $$D$$ is correct.
Then, the ratio of number of matches played by India to the number of matches played by Sri Lanka
$$=\dfrac{\text{Number of matches played by India}}{\text{Number of matches played by Sri Lanka}}$$
$$=\dfrac{30}{24}=\dfrac{5}{4}=5:4$$.
Hence, the required ratio is $$5:4$$.
Therefore, option $$B$$ is correct.
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