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CBSE Questions for Class 11 Commerce Economics Production And Costs Quiz 1 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 11 Commerce Economics
Production And Costs
Quiz 1
Production function shows the ______________.
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output possibilities
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input possibilities
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input-output possibilities
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Price and quantities supplied
Explanation
The production function shows the maximum possible output that can be produced with a given amount of inputs.
The producer's demand for a factor of production is governed by the ________ of that factor.
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price
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marginal productivity
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availability
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profitability
Explanation
The marginal productivity
of an input or factor of production is the change in output resulting from employing one more unit of that particular input. So the demand is governed by this marginal productivity.
Production function relates ________.
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cost and output
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cost and input
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wages and profit
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input and output
Explanation
Production function relates inputs and output. Production function refers to the functional relationship between the quantity of good produced and factors of production.
Which of the following curves re not U-shaped?
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AVC curve
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AFC Curve
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AC Curve
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MC Curve
Which of the following are factors of production?
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Land
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Labour
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Capital
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All of them
Explanation
Land, Labour, Capital and Enterprise are the four factors of production which are required for running a firm or a
company profitably.
Which activity is not included in production?
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Production of wheat by a farmer
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Production of medicines by a company
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Services given by a nurse in hospital
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Services done by a house-wife in her own house
The long run cost curves are __________________.
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Flatter than the short-run cost curves
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U-shaped curves
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T-shaped curves
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Saucer shaped curves
The law of returns refers to
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The amount of extra output secured by adding to a fixed input, more and more variable inputs
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The amount of extra output secured by adding to variable inputs and marginal inputs
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The amount of extra profit secured by adding to a fixed input, more and more variable inputs
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None of these
Explanation
Under the law of returns one factor is variable while others are kept constant.
With the additional unit of the variable factor the marginal productivity of variable factor increases at a diminishing rate
also the marginal output will increase at a diminishing rate.
According to Marshall, the law of diminishing returns applies only to _______________.
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agriculture
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industry
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shipping
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all of the above
Explanation
According to Marshall, the law of diminishing returns applies to Agriculture,mining and fishing.
In Agriculture nature plays an important role and thus the law applies quickly to agriculture.
When the marginal cost rises, the average cost also rises, but _____________.
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the marginal cost falls more rapidly than the average cost
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the marginal cost rises more rapidly than the average cost
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the marginal cost rises more rapidly than the total cost
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none of these
Explanation
When the marginal cost is above the average cost, average cost increases. On the other hand, if the marginal cost is lower than the average cost then average cost also decreases. The reason for rapid rise in marginal cost is the law of diminishing returns.
Cobb-Douglas Production function is expressed by
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$$Q =x_1^{\alpha}x_2^{\beta}$$
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V= f(a,b,lc,d....j
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pnk=f(mximy)
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$$Q=A a^{c-o}+(1-a)^{c-a}-0$$
Explanation
The Cobb Douglas production function is given as $$q =x_1^{\alpha}x_2^{\beta}$$
where :
$${\alpha}$$ and $${\beta}$$ are constant
The firm produces q amount using $$x_1$$ amount of factor 1 and $$x_2$$ of factor 2.
Rationalisation means _____________.
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reorganisation and reorientation of production and distribution methods
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under-utilization of existing plant capacity
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employing more labour in the short run
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higher costs
Explanation
Rationalization means reorganization and reorientation of production and distribution methods. It is a reorganization of a company in order to increase its operating efficiency . This is sort of reorganization may lead to an expansion or reduction in company size , a change in policy or an alternative of strategy pertaining to particular products offered.
'Break-even point' appears under which circumstances?
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Firm earns profit
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Firm is incurring losses
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Firm earns no profit and incurs no loss
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All of these
Explanation
Break even point is when MC = AR = MR.
In the Cost - Output comparison,
The firms marginal cost equals marginal revenue.
In this situation the firm doesn't earn profits or have any losses.
It is a "no profit-no loss" situation.
When the marginal cost falls, the average cost also falls, but ____________.
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the marginal cost falls more rapidly than the average cost
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the marginal cost rises more rapidly than the average cost
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the average cost rises more rapidly than the marginal cost
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the average cost falls more rapidly than the marginal cost
Explanation
When the marginal cost is lesser than the average cost, the average cost falls. When an additional unit of output is produced the marginal cost falls and hence average cost also falls. The marginal cost falls rapidly, as it is affected by the smallest addition to the
output.
The original form of Cobb-Douglas Production is applied to __________________.
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a firm
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an industry
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the whole manufacturing in the USA
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all of these
Explanation
The original type of Cobb-Douglas Production is applied to the whole manufacturing in the USA.
Cobb-Douglas Production function represents the relationship between two or more inputs typically physical capital and labour and the number of outputs that can be produced .
The Iso-cost map shows _______.
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the price of the two factors
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the total output of the firm
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Both (a) and (b)
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None of these
Explanation
The iso-cost map will show both the budget line and the isoquant will show the optimum quantities of inputs that have to be employed within the budget. The optimum output will be when the budget line is tangential to the isoquant. The end points of the budget line shows the extreme amount of one of the factors that can be purchased.
A production function with two variable inputs can be represented by ________________.
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Iso-Product curves
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Iso-quants
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Equal product curves
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All of these
Which concept plays an important role in the modern theory of production?
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MRS
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MRTS
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ISLM
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Transformation curve
Explanation
Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution (MRTS) can be defined as keeping constant total output if input 1 have to decrease if input 2 increases by one extra unit.
In other words it shows the relationship between inputs and the trade amongst them.
MRTS represents _______________.
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the rate at which a factor of production can be substituted for another
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the rate at which an individual will exchange successive units of one commodity for another
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the slope of indifference curve
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the slope of production possibility curve
Explanation
Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution (MRTS) is the rate at which a factor of production can be substituted for another. For example the substitution between labour and capital needed for producing a given level of output.
Which of the following is correct regarding the equal product curves?
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They slope upwards to the right.
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They are concave to origin.
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They never cut each other.
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All of the above.
Explanation
It is impossible for isoquants to cut each other as this will violate the law that "more is preferred to less." If a higher indifference isoquant cuts a lower isoquant this implies that the producer receives equal utility from both these isoquants and doesn't "prefer'' the higher one which is incorrect.
Equal product curve is also known as ________________.
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production indifference curves
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production possibility curves
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product curve
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MRTS
Explanation
Equal product curve is also known as production indifference curves.
A given quantity of output that can be produced with different combination of inputs are shown by the isoquant.
Isoquant curves are also called as Equal product, Isoproduct or Production Indifference curves.
The equal product curves are superior to the _______________.
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Indifference curves
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Demand curves
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Supply curve
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ISLM curve
A Production function showing constant returns to scale is often called __________________.
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Linear and homogeneous
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Homogeneous of the first degree
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Homogeneous of the second degree
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Linear and homogeneous or homogeneous of the first degree
Explanation
A function which is homogeneous of degree 1 is said to be linearly homogeneous, or to display linear homogeneity. It displays constant returns to scale since a doubling all inputs will lead to an exact doubling of output i.e., level of input and output are exactly same. So, this type of production function exhibits constant returns to scale over the entire range of output. In general, if the production function Q = f (K, L) is linearly homogeneous, then
F (λK, λL) = λf (K ,L) = λQ
for any combination of labour and capital and for all values of λ.
The slope of MRTS _________________.
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$$\frac{deltaL}{deltaC}$$
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$$\frac{deltaC}{deltaL}$$
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$$\frac{deltab}{deltaa}$$
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$$\frac{C}{L}$$
Explanation
Marginal rate of technical substitution (
MRTS
) is the rate at which a firm can substitute capital with labor. It equals the change in capital to change in labor which in turn equals the ratio of marginal product of labor to marginal product of capital.
MRTS
equals the slope of an isoquant.
MRTS = delta C/deltaL
a) Iso-product curves are called product indifference curves
b) Iso-products curves are also known as , Iso-quants or equal product curves
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Both (a) and (b) are true
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(a) is true, but (b) is false
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(a) is false, but (b) is true
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Both (a) and (b) are false
Input-Output analysis is related with the name of ____________.
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J.R. Hicks
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A.R Lerner
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Leontief
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G.J. Stigler
Explanation
Dr. Wassily W. Leontief, invented the input-output method in 1951 and used it to learn about the inter industry relationships to understand the interdependance and thus the conditions for equilibrium
in the economy.
a) Properties of iso-products curves are the same as those of indifference curves.
b) Iso-product curves slope upwards from left to right.
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Both (a) and (b) are true
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(a) is true, but (b) is false
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(a) is false, but (b) is true
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Both (a) and (b) are false
Explanation
Iso-product curves exhibit the same properties as the indifference curves. They show how producers aim to maximize their utility with the budget constraint and operate on the most optimal point on their curves.
It is false that the isoquant slopes upwards as like the indifference curve, it is susceptible to diminishing returns.
The iso quant technique is applicable to ____________.
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Agriculture
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Manufacture
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Both (A) and (B)
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None of these
Explanation
The two factors usually measured on the isoquant curve are capital and labour, they are the basic factors of production that can be applied to any production activity. Thus the isoquant is helpful in identifying the optimal mix of resources to achieve efficiency in any industry.
The firm can achieve an optimum output combination of two goods with the help of _______________.
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The production possibility curve
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demand curve
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cost curve
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The price factor curves
Explanation
The production possibility curve shows the maximum combination of goods an economy can produce by using its resources efficiently.
The PPC curve enables firms to make decisions in the production process which will benefit them.
Input-Output analysis is refered to as _________.
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inter-industry analysis
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linear programming
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production function
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theory of production
Explanation
Dr. Wassily W. Leontief, invented the input-output method in 1951 and used it to learn about the inter industry relationships to understand the interdependence and thus the conditions for equilibrium
in the economy.
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