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CBSE Questions for Class 11 Commerce Economics Production And Costs Quiz 4 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 11 Commerce Economics
Production And Costs
Quiz 4
In the long run, when increasing returns to scale operates, _______.
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the average cost rises as the firm increases output
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the average cost falls as the firm increases output
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average cost remains constant as long as CRS operates
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none of the above
Explanation
In the long run the firm benefits from both internal and external economies of scale. These are of two types internal and external. The firm benefits from internal economies by expanding operations and it benefits by external economies when the industry expands. These economies of scale bring cost advantages, as they have the effect of lowering the firm's average cost of production. As the long run average cost falls by increasing all inputs to produce more output this is referred to as increasing returns to scale.
LRMC curve is ____.
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V-shaped
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U shaped
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inverse U shaped
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inverse V-shaped
Explanation
The long run average cost curve takes a U shape to illustrate how average cost initially decreases due to economies of scale while the firm experiences increasing returns to scale. Then it exhibits constant returns as the firm operates at its optimal size. Lastly if the firm tries to expand more than its optimal point, due to diseconomies of scale while the firm experiences decreasing returns to scale and average cost increases.
In the long run, when decreasing returns to scale operates, _____.
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the average cost must be rising as the firm increases output
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the average cost must be falling as the firm increases output
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average cost remains constant
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none of the above
Explanation
When the firm tries to expand production beyond the optimal point, it experiences diseconomies of scale, this is a situation where cost disadvantages are experienced due to rising average costs. These may be caused due to mismanagement, miscommunication or just disorganized chaos, since the firm had grown to a size that is larger than what is optimal.
In the long run, when Constant returns to scale operates, _______.
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the average cost falls as the firm increases output
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the average cost must be rising as the firm increases output
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average cost remains constant as long as CRS operates
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none of the Above
Explanation
Constant returns to scale: If increases in outputs is in the same proportion as increase in quantity of all inputs, returns to scale are said to be constant. In this phase of production, the average cost incurred by the firm is minimum and it remains constant. The terms in the Cobb-Douglas function are raised to the coefficeint of 1.
The application of scientific methods to production process is known as ______.
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technical know how
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capital formation
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invention
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capital accumulation
Production process creates utilities in _______.
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form
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place
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time
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all of the above
Total output is maximum when ______.
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MP=0
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MP is increasing
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MP is decreasing
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MP is constant
Explanation
Total Output is maximum when marginal product is zero.
When marginal product of a factor is zero then total product will be maximum.
If the total product curve rises at an increasing rate, the marginal product of labor curve is positive and rising.
Marginal product is _______.
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rate at which total production changes with change in variable input
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rate at which total production changes with change in total cost
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rate at which total production changes with change in fixed cost
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none of the above
Explanation
Marginal product is defined as a change in total products resulting from the use of additional unit of variable factor. Marginal product is derived from the total product. Marginal product mathematically is the slope of Total production curve.
Hence, option A is correct.
The slope of the total production curve measures _______.
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average production
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minimum production
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marginal production
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maximum production
Excise duty is a tax levied on which of the following?
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Production of goods
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Purchase of goods
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Export of goods
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Sale of goods
Explanation
Excise duty is a tax on manufacture or production of goods. Excise duty on alcohol and narcotic substances is collected by the State Government and is called State Excise duty. The Excise duty on rest of goods is called Central Excise duty.
Hence a is the correct answer.
In the long run diseconomics of scale arises due to ________.
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heavy investment in fixed assets
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long run average total cost increases with increased production
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firm compete for labour force and pay more wages
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firm buy raw material in gray market at higher prices
Labour is a perishable factor of production.
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True
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False
Explanation
Labour is perishable in nature. This simply means that it has to storage capacity, i.e. labour cannot be stored. If a worker does not turn up to work for one shift his labour of that shift is lost completely. It cannot be stored and utilized the next day.
Hence it is true.
Long run supply curve of an increasing cost industry is _______.
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horizontal line overlapping X axis
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upward sloping line
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downward sloping line
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vertical line
Explanation
The quantity supplied and the price in the market will always have a positive correlation, as suppliers will be willing to supply higher output levels at higher prices and this will translate into higher revenue. Thus the supply curve slopes upwards to the right. In the long run the supply curve will tend to be more elastic than in the short run as the supplier is allowed to appropriately adjust the supply in the long run, since all factors are variable.
Which of the following curve cannot take U shape?
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AVC
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AC
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AFC
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MC
Explanation
The AFC curve is asymptotic to both the x and y axis as the fixed cost can never be 0 since fixed cost is positive. It slopes downwards throughout its length from left to right showing continuous fall in average fixed cost with an increase in output.
Analysis of short-run production functions forms the subject of matter of ______.
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law of variable proportion
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law of demand
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law of returns to scale
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law of marginal utility
Explanation
The short run production function is subject to the law of variable proportions. It is only possible for the law of variable proportions to operate under specific conditions. These conditions are only met in the short run.
1. The state of technology is given and remains unchanged
2. It is assumed that some inputs are fixed while others are varied. As it is only then that the factor proportions can be changed.
3. It is assumed that technology is such that it is possible to change the factor proportions. The law will not apply in situations where the factors of production must be used in fixed proportions.
4. It is assumed that all the units of the variable factor are homogeneous and are equally efficient. (eg every worker hired is equally efficient).
An isoquant joins all factor inputs which ________.
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yield same level of output
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give same marginal utility
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have same marginal cost
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have same average cost
Slope of Isoquant is equal to ______.
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marginal rate of technical substitution between the factor inputs
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relative price of each factor inputs
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demand of each factor input
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supply of each factor input
Which of these is/are characteristic of an isoquant?
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Convex to origin
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Negative sloped
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Never cross each other
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All of the above
A firm in a increasing cost industry expands it's production _______.
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at the same cost of production
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with increased production cost
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with reduced production cost
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none of the above
Which of the following cannot be U shaped curve?
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AFC curve
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AC curve
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AVC curve
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AMC curve
Explanation
The AFC curve is asymptotic to to both the x and y axis as the fixed cost can never be 0 since fixed cost is positive. It slopes downwards throughout its length from left to right showing continuous fall in average fixed cost with an increase in output.
The following table shows the combination of X and Y two factor inputs which are on the same Isoquant line.
Combination
X(quantity)
Y(quantity)
A
1
20
B
2
15
C
3
11
D
4
7
The marginal rate of substitution for B combination is _______.
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4
0%
5
0%
2
0%
1
At the point of equilibrium ________=________
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Slope of Isoquant =Slope of Isocost line
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Slope of Isoquant
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Slope of Isoquant>Slope of Isocost line
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None of the above
Explanation
At the point of equilibrium the slope of the "isocost" line must equal the slope of the "isoquant".
It means physical productivities of the two factors must be equal the ratio of their prices.
The marginal physical product per rupee of one factor must be equal to tht of the other factor.
Hence a is the correct answer.
Marginal cost can be equal to average variable cost when _________.
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average variable cost is falling
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average variable cost is increasing
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average variable cost is minimum
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under any of the above situations
Explanation
When the MC curve is lower than the AC curve, ie the MC $$\le$$ AC the average cost will tend to fall as if you take a lower number and add it to the average and then take a new average, the new average has to be lower. At some point the MC will stop falling and begin rising to a point where it will meet the AC curve. Thus only when the MC $$\ge$$ AC will the AC curve begin to rise as now a higher number is being added, and the new average must be higher. Thus the point that the MC meets the AC curve, has to be its minimum point.
Tick the true statement.
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Any point outside PPC is attaining with the same inputs.
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Advancement in technology would cause PPC to shift inward.
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Any economy operating at any point inside the PPC is inefficient.
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If an economy is operating at PPC, it can increase output of one item without sacrificing the output of other one.
If fixed cost of a product is $$90,000$$ and unit variable cost Rs. $$25$$ and selling price Rs. $$55$$. Find the Break even quantity_____.
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$$(4500)$$
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$$(5400)$$
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$$(3000)$$
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$$(1525)$$
A is a telecomminication engineer, has high value of Marginal productivity because $$A$$ is____.
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more skilled
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is highly paid
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delivers high value products and services
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all the three
Explanation
A telecommunication engineer has a high value of marginal productivity because
1: More skilled: He is specialized with the degree and training.
2: Highly paid: As telecommunication engineer is specialised with good knowledge and experience so that's why paid more.
3: Delivers high-value products and services: As the product or service offers the client, and/or the lower the cost, the more valuable it is.
Hence d is the correct option.
In the long run price is governed by __________.
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cost of production
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demand supply forces
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marginal utility
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all of the above
Explanation
The equilibrium price will primarily be discerned by the forces of supply and demand. Supply will be influenced by the the cost of production, the price available in the market should exceed or be equal to costs, in order for the firm to be willing to supply. If cost of production changes then the supply in the market is likely to change and this will distort the equilibrium. Demand on the other hand is influenced by marginal utility, if the marginal utility changed the willingness of consumers to purchase a good will change and thus will distort the equilibrium.
The negatively sloped part of long run cost curve of a firm is due to __________.
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economies of scale such as specialization and division of labour
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diseconomies of scale
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diminishing returns to scale
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marginal utility theory
Explanation
The long run average cost curve initially has a negative slope to illustrate how average cost initially decreases due to economies of scale while the firm experiences increasing returns to scale.
If production possibility frontier (PPF) exhibits diminishing marginal product, the slope of the PPF shows which of these characterists?
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It becomes flatter as the quantity of input is increased.
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It assumes the shape of a hyperbola as the quantity of one input is increased.
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It becomes more steep with increases in quantity of input.
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May take any of the above three forms.
Explanation
Since the slope of the PPF becomes flatter it illustrates that as more units of labour are transferred to the production of one good by removing them from the production of the other the marginal gain in productivity due to the movement of labour reduces as the amount of labour transferred increases.
Which of these statement is more appropriate for Fixed costs ____________?
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Fixed cost is fixed only in short run
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It is fixed in long run also
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It varies with the change in level of output
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It is strictly avoidable in short run also
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