Explanation
Lassaigne's test is the most reliable test for the detection of nitrogen, halogens and sulphur in an organic compound. The compound is heated with sodium metal to convert the elements present in the organic compound into the water-soluble salts of sodium.
Lassaigne's test is a general test for the detection of halogens, nitrogen and sulphur in an organic compound. These elements are covalently bonded to the organic compounds. In order to detect them, these have to be converted into their ionic forms. This is done by fusing the organic compound with sodium metal. The ionic compounds formed during the fusion are extracted in aqueous solution and can be detected by simple chemical tests. The extract is called sodium fusion extract or Lassaigne's extract.
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