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CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Biology Biodiversity And Its Conservation Quiz 10 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 12 Medical Biology
Biodiversity And Its Conservation
Quiz 10
Which among the following is key faunal species that is being conserved and monitored in 'Dachigam National Park'?
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Musk Deer
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Golden Oriole
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Yellow-throated Marten
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Hangul or Kashmir Start
Consider the following regions.
Eastern Himalayas
Eastern Mediterranean region
North-Western Australia
Which of the above is / are biodiversity hotspot(s)?
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Only 1
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1 and 2
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2 and 3
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1,2 and 3
Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is located at ___________.
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Chandigarh
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Bharatpur
0%
Gurgaon
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Gandhinagar
Consider the following and point out the wrong one(s) among these.
Bandhavgarh National Park is the place where the white tiger of Rewa were discovered for the first time.
Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for flocks of migratory birds mainly flamingoes.
Gahirmatha Sanctuary is breeding centre to Giant Olive Ridley Turtles
who cross over the Pacific to come here and lay their eggs.
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1 and 2
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Only 2
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Only 3
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None of these
Consider the following statements.
Namdapha National Park is in Assam.
Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary is in Bihar .
Which of the above statements is/are true?
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Only 1
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Only 2
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Both 1 and 2
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None of these
Consider the-following statements and choose the correct sentence (s) from the codes given below.
Crocodiles and Gharials are found in rivers and lakes.
The salt water crocodile is found along the Eastern coast and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Project for breeding crocodiles was started in 1975.
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1 and 2
0%
Only 2
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2 and 3
0%
All of these
Which of the following is a Ramsar site?
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Bhitarkanika mangroves
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Chilika lake
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Dipor Bil
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All of the above
New tiger reserves (2016) declared by government are:
Amrabad
Pilibhit
Rajaji
Orang
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
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1 and 2
0%
2 and 4
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1, 2 and 3
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All of these
Consider the following statements regarding 'Keibul Lamjao National Park'.
It is an integral part of Loktak lake and also the only floating National Park in the world.
The animal species conserved here is the endangered Brow-antlered deer or Sangai.
The national park is characterised by many floating decomposed plant materials locally called "phumdis".
Which among the above statements is/are correct?
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1 and 2
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1 and 3
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2 and 3
0%
1,2 and 3
The largest number of tiger reserves are located in ___________.
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Karnataka
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Andhra Pradesh
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Madhya Pradesh
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West Bengal
Which of the following national parks is near Bombay?
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Tadoba
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Borivali
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Nandankanan
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Rajaji
Cuscuta is a:
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Saprophyte
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Epiphyte
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Xerophyte
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Parasite
Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on the stem. Identify the three types of phyllotaxy shown in the given figures, X, Y and Z.
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X-Alternate, Y-Opposite, Z-Whorled
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X-Opposite, Y-Whorled, Z-Alternate
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X-Whorled, Y-Alternate, Z-Opposite
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X-Opposite, Y-Alternate, Z-Whorled
Explanation
The way in which the leaves are arranged on a stem is called phyllotaxy. When only one leaf arises from a node, and leaves are borne along the stem alternately, it is called alternate phyllotaxy. When two leaves arise from one node, opposite to each other it is called opposite phyllotaxy. When a plant has several leaves attached to the same node, in a whorl it is called whorled phyllotaxy.
IUCN stands for
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Indian Union for Conservation of Nature
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International Union of Conservation of Nature
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Indian Union for Chemical Nomenclature
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International Union for Conversation of Nutrients
Explanation
Full form of IUCN is International Union for Conservation of Nature
Which one of the following National Parks has a climate that varies from tropical to sub-tropical temperate arid arctic?
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Khangchendzonga National Park
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Nandadevi National Park
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Narora Valley National Park
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Namdapha National Park
National animal of India is _______.
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Cow
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Peacock
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Tiger
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Lion
Match the column-I and II choose the correct option
Column - I
Column - II
(a) Kaziranga National Park
(i) Uttar Pradesh (Uttarakhand)
(b) Tadoba National Park
(ii) Gujarat
(c) Corbett National Park
(iii) Maharashtra
(d) Gir National Park
(iv) Assam
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a - iv, b - iii, c - i, d - ii
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a - i, b - ii, c - iv, d - iii
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a - iv, b - iii, c - ii, d - i
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a - iv, b - i, c - iii, d - ii
Explanation
• Kaziranga national park is located in Assam.
• Tadoba national park is located in Maharashtra.
• Corbett national park is located in Uttarakhand.
• Gir national park is located in Gujarat.
Hence, the correct match is a− iv, b− iii, c− i, d− ii.
So, the correct answer is A.
In "Rivet popper hypothesis", "Rivet" indicates
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Community
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Species
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Ecosystem
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Biome
A fungus that is predator of a species of frog have killed 50 frogs to save this species of frog scientist set other 35 frog to a different area then tell which process will save this type of frog species?
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Bottle neck effect
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Founder effect
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Big bang theory
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Natural selection
Explanation
A-
Population bottlenecks occur when a population's size is reduced for at least one generation. Because genetic drift acts more quickly to reduce genetic variation in small populations, undergoing a bottleneck can reduce a population's genetic variation by a lot, even if the bottleneck doesn't last for very many generations.
B-
A founder effect occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population. This small population size means that the colony may have:
reduced genetic variation from the original population.
a non-random sample of the genes in the original population.
So, the correct option is 'Option A'.
A collection of cloned DNA fragments that represents the entire genome is called genomic library.
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True
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False
Explanation
A genomic library is a collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism. The DNA is stored in a population of identical vectors, each containing a different insert of DNA
So, the correct option is 'True'.
In which city are the headquarters of Zoological Survey of India situated?
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Delhi
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Thiruvananthapuram
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Kolkata
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Guwahati
Which of the following statutes has been enacted for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants?
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Environment Protection Act
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Forest Conservation Act
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Wildlife Protection Act
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Biological Diversity Act
The diversity of organisms sharing the same habitat or community is termed as
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alpha diversity
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beta diversity
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gamma diversity
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delta diversity.
Explanation
Ecological diversity is of three types:
(i) Alpha diversity
(ii) Beta diversity
(iii) Gamma biodiversity.
Western ghats have a greater number of amphibian species than the Eastern ghats. What kind of diversity does it represent?
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Species diversity
0%
Genetic diversity
0%
Ecological diversity
0%
None of these.
Explanation
Species diversity is the variety in the number and richness of the species of a region, Western Ghats have greater amphibian species diversity as compared to eastern ghats.
So, the correct answer is option A.
The term biodiversity is popularised by
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Odum
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Paul Ehrlich
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Edward Wilson
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Tilman.
Explanation
Biodiversity is the term popularised by the sociobiologist Edward Wilson to describe the combined diversity at all the levels of biological organisation. He is regarded as the Father of Biodiversity.
Hence the correct option is C.
Botanical gardens and zoological parks have.
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Collection of endemic living species only
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Collection of exotic living species only
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Collection of endemic and exotic living species
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Collection of only local plants and animals
Explanation
Botanical gardens and zoological parks are specialised places where living plants are grown and living animals are kept (where they can reproduce too) respectively. Both, endemic (local) as well as exotic (foreign to that place) species are kept in these places. They can be used for scientific studies. Botanical garden at Kew, England and National Zoological Park, Delhi are some famous examples.
Study the given populations and choose the correct answer in relation to species diversity.
Population
Species
Group
Individuals
Population A
I
Mammals
3
II
Birds
2
III
Amphibians
2
Population B
I
Mammals
2
II
Mammals
2
III
Amphibians
1
Population C
I
Mammals
3
II
Mammals
2
III
Mammals
1
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Maximum diversity - Population B;
Minimum diversity - Population C
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Maximum diversity - Population A;
Minimum diversity - Population C
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Maximum diversity - Population A;
Minimum diversity - Population B
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Maximum diversity - Population B;
Minimum diversity - Population A
Explanation
Species diversity is the number of different species present in a given population i. e. '
Species diversity relates to the number of different species.'
In population A, there are 3 different classes present. These are mammals, birds, and amphibians. Hence, it will have vast species diversity.
In population B, only 2 classes are present, namely mammals and amphibians. Hence, species diversity will be less compared to that of population A.
In population C, all the species belongs only to class mammals. Hence, it will show the least species diversity.
So the correct answer is option B.
India has a greater ecosystem diversity than a Scandinavian country like Norway. What kind of diversity does it represent?
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Species diversity
0%
Ecological diversity
0%
Genetic diversity
0%
None of these.
Explanation
Ecological diversity is the diversity at ecosystem level. India with its deserts, rainforests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries and alpine meadows has a greater ecosystem diversity than a Scandinavian country like Norway.
Alpha diversity is biodiversity present
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within community
0%
between communities
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ranges of communities
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none of these.
Explanation
Ecological diversity is of three types:
(i) Alpha diversity
(ii) Beta diversity
(iii) Gamma biodiversity.
Species diversity ______ as we move away from the ______ towards_____.
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decreases, equator, poles
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increases, equator, poles
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decreases, poles, equator
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none of these.
Explanation
The biodiversity shows a latitudinal and altitudinal gradient. The species diversity decrease as well as we move away from the equator towards the poles with very few exceptions, tropics harbour more species than temperature or polar areas.
'Broadly utilitarian' argument for the conservation of biodiversity does not include
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Bioprospecting
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Pollination
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Aesthetic value
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Climatic regulation
Explanation
Bioprospecting is the exploration of molecular, genetic and species level-diversity for gaining the products of economic importance. It comes under narrowly utilitarian category.
Which of the following statements regarding the estimates of number of species found on earth is not correct?
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Total number of species present on earth are considered to be about 7 million as estimated by Robert May.
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Plants constitute more than 70% of all the species recorded, whereas animals constitute less than 22% of the total number of species.
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Insects constitute more than 70% of all the animal species.
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None of these.
Explanation
Animals constitute more than 70% of all the species recorded whereas plants constitute around 22% of total number of species.
Niche overlap indicates
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mutualiism between two species
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active cooperation between two species
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two different parasites on the same host
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sharing of one more resources between the two species
Explanation
Ecological niche means the total interaction of a species with its environment or its functions position on status in an ecosystem. Ecological niche depends on the species structural adaptions, physical responses and behavior Niche overlap means that one or more resources are shared beteen two species .
The narrowly utilitarian arguments for biodiversity conservation include which of the following from the given list?
(i) Industrial products like dyes, lubricants
(ii) Ecosystem services like photosynthesis
(iii) Pollinators layer of bees, birds and bats
(iv) Firewood, fibre and construction material
(v) The aesthetic pleasure of walking through thick woods
(vi) Products of medicinal importance
(vii) Watching spring flowers in full bloom
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(i), (ii), (v) and (vii)
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(ii), (iii), (v) and (vii)
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(i), (iv) and (vi)
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(iii), (v), (vi) and (vii)
Explanation
The narrowly utilitarian arguments for conserving biodiversity are
obvious; humans derive countless direct economic benefits from nature food (cereals, pulses, fruits), firewood, fibre, construction material,
industrial products (tannins, lubricants, dyes, resins, perfumes ) and
products of medicinal importance. More than 25 per cent of the drugs
currently sold in the market worldwide are derived from plants and 25,000
species of plants contribute to the traditional medicines used by native
peoples around the world. Nobody knows how many more medicinally
useful plants there are in tropical rain forests waiting to be explored.
With increasing resources put into ‘bioprospecting’ (exploring molecular,
genetic and species-level diversity for products of economic importance),
nations endowed with rich biodiversity can expect to reap enormous
benefits.
So the correct option is '(i), (iv) and (vi)'.
Which option correctly describes the equations for curves A and B, in the given graph of species-area relationship?
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A - $$S = CA^z$$; B - $$Log S = Log C + Z log A$$
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A - $$Log S = Log C + Z log A$$; B - $$S = CA^z$$
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A - $$Log C = Log S + Z log A$$; B - $$S = CA^z$$
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A - $$S = CA^z$$; B - $$Log C = Log S + Z log A$$
Explanation
The relationship between the area of a habitat, or of part of a habitat, and the number of species found within that area is described by the species-area curve.
It says that log S = log C + Z log A.
Here, S is the number of species, A is the habitat area, and Z is the slope of the species-area relationship. Larger areas tend to contain larger numbers of species.
So, the correct answer is 'A -
S
=
C
A
z
; B -
L
o
g
S
=
L
o
g
C
+
Z
l
o
g
A
'.
Species diversity ______ as one moves from high to low altitudes.
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increases
0%
decreases
0%
first increases then decreases
0%
first decreases then increases
Explanation
Biodiversity changes with the change in altitude. It increases as one moves from higher to lower altitudes.
Biodiversity loss occurs due to
(i) habitat loss and fragmentation
(ii) co-extinction
(iii) over-exploitation
(iv) alien species invasion.
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(i) and (ii)
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(i), (ii) and (iii)
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(ii), (iii) and (iv)
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(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Explanation
The world is facing accelerated rates of species extinction, largely due to human interference. There are four major causes collectively called as the evil quarter.
Which of the following is an ecosystem service provided by a natural ecosystem?
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Cycling of nutrients
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Prevention of soil erosion
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Pollutant absorption and reduction of the threat of global warming
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All of the above
Explanation
$$\textbf{Correct option: (D)}$$
$$\textbf{Explanation for correct option:}$$
$$\bullet$$ The products of ecosystem processes are named as ecosystem services.
$$\bullet$$
Soil formation and its protection are the major ecosystem services accounting for nearly 50% of their total worth.
$$\bullet$$
Plant cover protects the soil from drastic changes in temperature as well as reduces wind and water erosion, landslides and floods.
$$\bullet$$
The
plant cover
removes $$CO_2$$ and releases $$O_2$$. It also helps in
absorbing polluting gases and causes settling of suspended particles.
$$\bullet$$
Increase vegetation cover, lowers the
$$CO_2$$ concentration in
atmosphere which reduces the threat of global warming.
$$\bullet$$
The s
oil fertility is maintained and there
is no overall depletion of nutrients as they get repeatedly circulated.
$$\bullet$$
Hence the correct option is (D)
Which of the given statements is true?
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National parks are meant for the protection of fauna only.
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Wildlife sanctuaries are meant for the protection of both flora and fauna.
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Activities like collection of forest products, harvesting of timber, private ownership of land, etc. are allowed in national parks.
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None of these
Explanation
Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the ecosystem. It provides stability to different natural processes of nature like rainfall(transpiration from plant),changing of temperature (heat evolution by animals), fertility of soil (making of manure by earthworm). The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGOs dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
So the correct option is 'wildlife sanctuaries are meant for the protection of both flora and fauna'
India relishes a history of religious and cultural traditions which emphasised the protection of nature. In many cultures, tracts of forest were set aside, all the trees and wildlife within were venerated and given total protection. Such areas are referred to as
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Hotspots
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Ethical groves
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Sacred groves
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Protected areas
Explanation
A
sacred grove
is any
grove
of trees that is of special religious significance for a particular religious culture.
Sacred groves are also
featured in Indian cultures.
Examples of sacred groves are Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya and the Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan.
So, the correct option is 'sacred groves'.
Presently, total number of biodiversity hotspots in the world is
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25
0%
34
0%
37
0%
40
Explanation
Biodiversity hotspots are the areas of high endemism and high levels of species richness. Initially, 25 biodiversity hotspots were identified, but subsequently, nine more have been added to the list bringing the total number of biodiversity hotspots in the world to 34.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
What is common to the seed banks, orchards, tissue culture and cryopreservation?
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All are in situ conservation methods.
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All are ex situ conservation methods.
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All require ultramodern equipment and very large space.
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All are methods of conservation of extinct organisms.
Explanation
Ex situ conservation literally means, "off-site conservation". It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat; for example, by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, which may be a wild area or within the care of humans.[1][2] The degree to which humans control or modify the natural dynamics of the managed population varies widely, and this may include alteration of living environments, reproductive patterns, access to resources, and protection from predation and mortality. Ex situ management can occur within or outside a species' natural geographic range. Individuals maintained ex situ exist outside an ecological niche. This means that they are not under the same selection pressures as wild populations, and they may undergo artificial selection if maintained ex situ for multiple generations.
The storage of seeds, pollen, tissue, or embryos in liquid nitrogen. This method can be used for virtually infinite storage of material without deterioration over a much greater time-period relative to all other methods of ex situ conservation. Cryopreservation is also used for the conservation of livestock genetics through Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources. Technical limitations prevent the cryopreservation of many species, but cryobiology is a field of active research, and many studies concerning plants are underway.
Somatic tissue can be stored in vitro for short periods of time. This is done in a light and temperature controlled environment that regulates the growth of cells. As a ex situ conservation technique tissue culture is primary used for clonal propagation of vegetative tissue or immature seeds. This allows for the proliferation of clonal plants from a relatively small amount of parent tissue.
The storage of seeds in a temperature and moisture controlled environment. This technique is used for taxa with orthodox seeds that tolerate desiccation. Seed bank facilities vary from sealed boxes to climate controlled walk-in freezers or vaults. Taxa with recalcitrant seeds that do not tolerate desiccation are typically not held in seed banks for extended periods of time.
Micropropagation is one of the ex situ techniques that has been used increasingly for the conservation of endangered plants. This in vitro technique aids in mass propagation of the plant species facing risk of extinction. The application of plant tissue culture techniques in orchid conservation and propagation requires an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol.
So the correct option is 'all are ex situ conservation methods'.
Which of the following statements regarding biodiversity hotspots are incorrect?
(i) High endemism
(ii) High level of species richness
(iii) Total number is 34 in the world
(iv) Five of these occur in India
(v) High alien species invasion
(vi) Cover less than $$2\%$$ of the earth's land area; but if properly conserved, they can reduce extinctions by about $$30\%$$
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(i) and (ii)
0%
(iv) and (v)
0%
(iv), (v) and (vi)
0%
(iii), (iv), (v) and (vi)
Explanation
Biodiversity hotspots are regions with high level of species richness and which are highly endemic.
There are about 34 ecological hotspots in the world.
Out of the 34 hotspots, 4 of them occur in India.
They need to be conserved highly to avoid extinction.
So, the correct option is '
(iv) and (v)
'.
Which of the following statements regarding the ethical argument for conserving biodiversity is incorrect?
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We owe to millions of plant, animal and microbe species with whom we share this planet.
0%
Every species has an intrinsic value only when it is of an economic value to us.
0%
It is our moral duty to care for the well-being of all species i.e. our biological legacy
0%
All of these
Explanation
Every species has an intrinsic value in the ecological balance even if it does not have economic value to us.
So, the incorrect option is '
Every species has intrinsic value only when it is of economic value to us
'.
One of the situ conservation methods for endangered species is
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wildlife sanctuaries
0%
biosphere reserves
0%
cryopreservation
0%
national parks.
Explanation
Cryopreservation or cryo-conservation is a process where organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs or any other biological constructs susceptible to damage caused by unregulated chemical kinetics are preserved by cooling to very low temperatures (typically −80 °C using solid carbon dioxide or −196 °C using liquid nitrogen). At low enough temperatures, any enzymatic or chemical activity which might cause damage to the biological material in question is effectively stopped. Cryopreservation methods seek to reach low temperatures without causing additional damage caused by the formation of ice crystals during freezing. Traditional cryopreservation has relied on coating the material to be frozen with a class of molecules termed cryoprotectants. New methods are constantly being investigated due to the inherent toxicity of many cryoprotectants. By default it should be considered that cryopreservation alters or compromises the structure and function of cells unless it is proven otherwise for a particular cell population. Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is the process in which animal genetic material is collected and stored with the intention of conservation of the breed.
So the correct option is 'cryopreservation'.
The one-horned rhinoceros is specific to which of the following sanctuary?
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Bhitar Kanika
0%
Bandipur
0%
Kaziranga
0%
Corbett park
Explanation
Kaziranga National Park is the name to exemplify the most popular conservation efforts to save the endangered species like one-horned rhinoceros in India. Located in the Golaghat and Nagaon district of Assam, this most notable wildlife sanctuary is being declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the year 1985. The park resides at an edge of the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot and this could be the perfect reason to envision high degrees of diversified species with great visibility.
The park lies in the flood plains of Brahmaputra River and so every year the region is completely drenched with high water level; so do the wildlife gets affected by it too. And keeping such messy situation in mind, the park officials are always ready for every kind of provision for the safety of the jungle beings of Kaziranga.
The correct option is 'Kaziranga'.
Among the ecosystem mentioned below where can one maximum biodiversity?
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Mangroves
0%
Desert
0%
Coral reefs
0%
Alpine Meadows
Explanation
Ecosystem diversity deals with the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment.
Ecosystem diversity is a type of biodiversity. It is the variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet. Biodiversity is important because it clears out our water, changes out climate, and provides us with food. Ecological diversity includes the variation in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecological diversity can also take into account the variation in the complexity of a biological community, including the number of different niches, the number of trophic levels and other ecological processes.
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups.
Often called "rainforests of the sea", shallow coral reefs form some of Earth's most diverse ecosystems. They occupy less than 0.1% of the world's ocean area, about half the area of France, yet they provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species, including fish, mollusks, worms, crustaceans, echinoderms, sponges, tunicates and other cnidarians.
So the correct option is 'coral reefs'.
Ex situ conservation is used for the conservation of
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0%
all plants
0%
all animals
0%
threatened animals and plants
0%
both (a) and (b)
Explanation
In wildlife conservation, whether in-situ or ex-situ, both plants and animals which are endangered and rare are conserved.
So, the correct option is '
threatened animals and plants
'.
Hotspots are priority areas for in situ conservation. The key criteria for determining a hotspot is/are:
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Location in developed/undeveloped country
0%
Vicinity to the sea
0%
Habitat to number of endemic species and degree of threat
0%
All of these
Explanation
Hot spots for biodiversity are the areas with a high density of biodiversity and megadiversity which are also the most threatened once. Ecological hotspots are determined by four factors.
Number of species diversity.
Degree of endemism.
The degree of threat to that habitat due to its degradation and fragmentation.
Degree of exploitation
So, the correct option is 'to habitat number of endemic species and degree of Threat'
What parameters are used for tiger census in our country's national parks sanctuaries?
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pug marks only
0%
pug marks and fecal pellets
0%
fecal pellets only
0%
Actual head counts
Explanation
In our country, every year, the tiger census is carried out. this is to determine the number of tigers in our country. This is based on their pug marks and fecal pellets of the tigers. This allows to count their numbers and judge their species.
So, option B is the correct answer.
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Practice Class 12 Medical Biology Quiz Questions and Answers
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