CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Biology Biotechnology And Its Applications Quiz 1 - MCQExams.com

• Biodegradation is the degradation of the materials into environmentally acceptable products such as water, carbon dioxide, and biomass by the action of naturally available microorganisms under normal environmental conditions.
  
• Bio-infringement is the commission of a prohibited act with respect to a patented invention without permission from the patent holder.
• The population interaction termed biological exploitation includes what has formerly been. predation, as well as other interactions in which one population takes advantage of another.
• Some organisations and multinational companies exploit or get patents for the biological resources of other nations without proper authorisation from the concerned countries and this is called biopiracy.
  

So, the correct answer is option D.

• India was one of the earliest countries to establish a bio safety system for the regulation of GMOs. It established the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) within the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) in 1986. 
• GEAC permission is required for field trials, cultivation and commercial release of all GM crops. After a slow start, in 2002, the GEAC permitted the first commercial cultivation of genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiesis (Bt) cotton, using seeds produced by Monsanto in collaboration with its Indian partner, Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company (MAHYCO). 
  
• Research Committee on Genetic Manipulation is to authorize imports of GMOs/ transgenes/ transgenic seeds for research purposes.
  
• Biosafety Committee is charged with ensuring that all activities involved in research on infectious biological agents are conducted in a safe manner and in conformity with generally accepted standards.
• The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous body responsible for co-ordinating agricultural education and research in India.
  Hence, correct option is A.

• Xanthomonas campestris causes bacterial blight of rice which is one of the most important diseases of rice in most of the rice-growing countries. Bacterial blight of rice has high epidemic potential and is destructive to high-yielding cultivars in both temperate and tropical regions especially in Asia.
• IR8 is a high-yielding semi-dwarf rice variety developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the early 1960s. It is the resistant variety of rice to bacterial blight.
  

$$\textbf{Correct answer: B}$$ 

$$\textbf{Option (A):}$$ 

$$\bullet$$ Genetic engineering is not used for producing bulls that are used for farm work because of their abilities. 

$$\textbf{Option (B):}$$ 

$$\bullet$$ Transgenic mice can be created by using genetic engineering which contains the specific characters suitable to show the effect of the polio vaccine. 

$$\bullet$$ A trial was performed on the transgenic mice before it was introduced for human trials. 

$$\bullet$$ This is to ensure the safety of the polio vaccine in humans. 

$$\textbf{Option (C):}$$ 

$$\bullet$$ Transgenic models for studying the new treatments related to cardiac disorders are yet to be produced completely. 

$$\bullet$$ Mice models containing cardiac disorders are being produced to determine the efficacy of specific drugs that can be used to cure those diseases. Such a mouse model is yet to be developed. 

$$\textbf{Option (D):}$$ 

$$\bullet$$ The transgenic cow Rosie is specialized to produce milk with human alpha-lactalbumin protein.

$$\bullet$$ It is not responsible for producing high-fat milk which is used for producing ghee.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).