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CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Biology Biotechnology And Its Applications Quiz 4 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 12 Medical Biology
Biotechnology And Its Applications
Quiz 4
Which of the following organisms suffers to a large extent?
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Native animals
0%
Transgenic animals
0%
Both A and B
0%
Hybrid animal
Explanation
B. transgenic organism
Solution : Transgenic organisms are the sufferer because though they come with several new advantages but they are generally immunocompromised than the original animals .
So the correct answer is "
transgenic organism"
Which of the following principle is associated with the ethics of animal use in genetic engineering?
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Reduction of animal use
0%
Refinement of husbandry
0%
Replacement of animal with non-animal alternatives
0%
All of the above
Identify the correct application of biotechnology in food processing.
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Conversion of perishable raw material into the nonperishable food product
0%
Conversion of nonperishable raw material into food product
0%
Conversion of decayed food into useful food products
0%
None of these
Explanation
Answer is option A i.e. "Conversion of perishable raw material into the nonperishable food product"
Biotechnology in the food processing sector makes use of micro-organisms for the preservation of food. Food processing is a process by which perishable raw materials are converted to edible and non-perishable foods and beverages, which have a longer shelf life.
Current cloning technology is limited because
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It inhibits the growth of native animals.
0%
It spreads the disease to the other animals.
0%
All cloned may suffer from developmental abnormalities
0%
None of the above
All of the followings are the ethical issues with the animal testing except
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Pain
0%
Disease
0%
Infertility
0%
All of the above
Explanation
Pain and disease are major ethical issues. Infertility is not one of them.
Genetic engineering helps to degrade .......... in the food.
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Organic acids
0%
Allergens
0%
Microflora
0%
Minerals
Explanation
Genetic engineering
has great potential for improving the safety of plant-based
foods
by eliminating allergenic components.
So, the correct answer is '
Allergens'
Animal suffering during testing can be minimized by which of these principles of ethics of animal biotechnology?
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0%
Reduction
0%
Refinement
0%
Replacement
0%
All of the above
Explanation
Refinement
refers to methods that minimise the pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm that may be experienced by research
animals
, and which improve their welfare.
Refinement
applies to all aspects of
animal
use, from their housing and husbandry to the scientific procedures performed on them.
Which of the following is used as probiotic?
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Rhizobium
0%
Lactobacillus
0%
E. coli
0%
Streptomyces
Explanation
Lactobacillus
acidophilus is a type of bacteria found in your intestines.
Lactobacilli
, particularly L. acidophilus, are often
used as probiotics
.
The World Health Organization defines
probiotics
as "live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host."
Which of the following enzyme used in dairy industry is produced by GM microorganism?
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Peptidase
0%
Chymosin
0%
Bovine
0%
None of the above
Explanation
Chymosin
, commonly known as
rennin
, is the principal
milk
- coagulating
enzyme
present in rennet. Rennet, which has a long and extensive history of safe use in making cheese and other
dairy products.
.......... was produced by the slaughtering of the pig but now it is stopped due to genetic engineering.
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0%
Meat
0%
Insulin
0%
Both A and B
0%
Fats
Explanation
Animal
insulin
is derived from cows and
pigs
. Until the 1980s, animal
insulin
was the only treatment for
insulin
dependent diabetes. These days the use of animal
insulin
has largely been replaced by human
insulin
and human analogue
insulin
, however, animal
insulin
is
still
available on prescription.
So, the correct answer is '
Insulin'
Dolly sheep cloned by Dr. Ian Wilmut was genetically identical to
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The donor sheep which donated diploid nucleus
0%
The sheep which donated the egg cell
0%
The surrogate mother
0%
The sheep which donated haploid nucleus
Explanation
Dolly is the first sheep which was developed by the technique of cloning.
The sheep was developed from the diploid body cell. The somatic cell from the mother sheep was taken and the nucleus was injected into the egg cell.
This egg cell was cultured and transferred to the surrogate mother.
The sheep Dolly was identical in the characters with the mother who donated the diploid nucleus from the body cell.
The genes from the mother cells were transferred to Dolly.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Before animal testing _________should be given to the animals.
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Anesthesia
0%
Analgesics
0%
Antibiotics
0%
Antiseptics
Explanation
Before animal testing anesthesia should be given to the animals because they are living they can feel pain
and also its an ethical issue.
Which of the following describes the relation between genetic engineering and the health of environment
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Bioremediation
0%
Biomagnification
0%
Eutrophication
0%
Bioaccumulation
Explanation
Bioremediation
is the use of living micro organisms to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade or detoxify substances hazardous to human health and the environment.
Which of the following ethic should be employed when conducting genetic engineering?
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Environmental ethic
0%
Organizational ethic
0%
Animal ethic
0%
Both A and C
Explanation
Ethics
means a branch of philosophy that deals with human conduct and how right or wrong an action or the motives behind an action may be.
Environmental ethics and animal ethics should be strictly followed before when genetic engineering is been conducted as any technology should not harm the environment as well as animal life.
In which of the following prokaryote organism the voluminous genetical works have been done?
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Drosophila
0%
Escherichia coli
0%
TMV
0%
Housefly
Explanation
Escherichia coli
is considered as a model organism. The organism can be cultured and maintained very easily in the laboratory conditions.
The genome of the prokaryotic bacteria has been mapped and the details about all the genes and the products have been known.
This makes it easy to modify or alter and gene, introduce a new gene or mutate the gene and study the effect. The organism can be easily studied as the growth rate is high.
So, many works related to genetics have been performed using this bacterium.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Which of the following is the ethics for the research with animals?
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Surgical procedure under appropriate anesthesia
0%
Research with professional standard
0%
Any animal can be used
0%
Both A and B
Explanation
Anesthesia enables a animals to tolerate surgical procedures that would otherwise inflict unbearable pain.
Bioscience community accepts that
animals
should be used for
research
only within an
ethical
framework.
If the fermentation of molasses during the manufacturing of ethyl alcohol is delayed then the conclusion that can drawn is
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Molasses is diluted
0%
Molasses is not diluted
0%
More yeast is added
0%
Temperature is maintained around 410 K
Explanation
The sugarcane molasses are generally used as the fermentation medium.
The yeast cells are grown in this medium to perform anaerobic respiration which produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.
The molasses which are used is diluted so that the activity of yeast cells is fast and the production of ethanol occurs at a rapid pace.
If the process is slowed down, then the molasses must not have been diluted before the addition of the fermentation medium in the fermentor.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
While purchasing a sealed packet of ghee, one should look for which mark?
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0%
ISI
0%
AGMARK
0%
FPO
0%
ISO
Explanation
AGMARK is a certification mark employed on agricultural products in India.
A
ssuring that they conform to a set of standards approved by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection.
All agricultural products like grain, milk, dairy product, etc. come under this quality assurance policy.
Ghee is a dairy product and it belongs to agriculture production so it should have AGMARK.
So, the answer is option B.
A regulatory body working under MoEF for the release of transgenic crop is ____________.
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0%
NBPGR
0%
NSC
0%
NIPGR
0%
GEAC
Explanation
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), established
under MoEF
, is the regulatory
body
that approves and
releases
transgenic crops into the environment.
So the correct answer is option D.
The human protein $$\alpha$$ -1 antitrypsin is obtained from _______.
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Transformed bacteria
0%
Transgenic animal
0%
Transgenic plant
0%
A plant from Western Ghats
Explanation
The $$\alpha$$ -1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder that may cause lung disease and liver disease
The transgenic sheep Tracy was developed by genetic modification to produce the protein
$$\alpha$$ -1 antitrypsin
in the milk. This is the human protein whose gene was introduced in the sheep for the commercial production of the protein which can be used for the treatment of respiratory infections.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Which of the following are not produced as transgenic animals?
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Sheep and Pig
0%
Rat and Rabbit
0%
Dog and Banded Krait
0%
Cow and Fish
Explanation
Transgenic animals are those animals in which foreign gene is inserted into their genome. These are created by injecting foreign DNA in embryonic stem cell. Rat is the most common transgenic animal used in research due to short reproduction cycle. Transgenic pigs are used as a source of organs for transplants. Dolly, the sheep is the first transgenic animal. Transgenic rabbits are used to produce recombinant human C12 esterase inhibitor. Some other transgenic animals that have been produced are cow, goats, fish, etc. These animals are used to produce more protein in milk and meat, disease resistance, good quality wool and improvement in genetic traits.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Transgenic plants have _________________.
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No gene
0%
Genes in transposition
0%
Genes have no function to perform
0%
Genes of other organism
Explanation
Transgenic plants are the ones, whose DNA is modified using genetic engineering techniques. The aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. A transgenic plant contains a gene or genes that have been artificially inserted.
So, option D is the correct option.
Frost resistance is obtained from genetically engineered _____________.
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Escherichia coli
0%
Pseudomonas putida
0%
Pseudomonas fluorescens
0%
Trichoderma
A genetically engineered microbe utilised for cleaning oil spill is
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Bacillus subtilis
0%
Escherichia coli
0%
Pseudomonas putida
0%
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Explanation
Prof. AM Chakrabarty genetically engineered a new species of
Pseudomonas
bacteria (the oil-eating bacteria) in 1971. Genetically engineered bacterium
Pseudomonas putida
is used for scavenging of oil spills by digesting hydrocarbons of crude oil. It has high capability of hydrocarbon degradation.
So, the correct answer is '
Pseudomonas putida'
More than $$95\%$$ of transgenic animals are ________.
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Rabbits
0%
Mice
0%
Fish
0%
Cows
Explanation
B. Mice
Solution : A transgenic organism is the organism that carries recombinant DNA in it. More than 95% transgenic animals are mice.
So the correct answer is "Mice".
Transgenic plants are developed by
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Introducing foreign genes
0%
Introducing gene mutations
0%
Deleting certain chromosome parts
0%
Stopping spindle formation
Explanation
Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered, a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA technique to create plants with new characteristics. They are identified as a class of genetically modified organisms. Transgenic plants can be created by inserting genes of other organisms.
So, option A is the correct option.
Transgenic animals are extensively used for all the following procedures except
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Bioremediation
0%
Chemical safety
0%
Vaccine safety
0%
Toxicity test
Explanation
The technique of cleaning the environment with the help of microbes, plant, and animal species is called bioremediation.
The organisms involved in bioremediation have the ability to break down harmful toxic components of the environment.
The genes responsible for the breakdown of toxic components are selected and introduced into other organisms by the process of transgenesis.
Chemical safety, vaccine safety, and toxicity test all are done on transgenic animals.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Why patenting is necessary?
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To protect business
0%
To protect biological resources
0%
To prevent misuse of biological resources
0%
To increase the price of resources
Explanation
C. To prevent misuse of biological resources
Solution : Patenting is done to prevent the misuse of any invention or a biological resource without the consent of the patent owner.
So the correct answer is "T
o prevent misuse of biological resources"
First transgenic plant released for commercial use was _____________.
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Bt cotton
0%
Tobacco
0%
Golden rice
0%
Solan gola
Explanation
The very first transgenic plant to be produced was a tobacco plant expressing antibiotic resistance, performed way back in 1982. Herbicide-resistant tobacco plants underwent the first field trials in 1986 in the USA and France.
So the correct answer is option B.
Cedar wood oil, an important mounting medium and used in oil immersion lenses for microscopic studies is obtained from.
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Cedrus deodara
0%
Juniperus virginiana
0%
Abies spectabilis
0%
Pinus roxburghii
Explanation
B. Juniperus virginiana
Solution : cedar wood oil is an important mounting medium that is used in oil immersion microscopy and is obtained from juniper(Juniperus virginiana) plants.
So the correct answer is "J
uniperus virginiana"
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