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CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Biology Ecosystem Quiz 3 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 12 Medical Biology
Ecosystem
Quiz 3
An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can recover after some time, if damaging effect stops, it will be having
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Low stability and low resilience
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High stability and high resilience
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Low stability and high resilience
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High stability and low resilience
Explanation
The stability of an ecosystem depends on species diversity, the complexity of food webs, and the rate of nutrient cycling.
More the species diversity, the greater the complexity of the food web, and the higher the rate of nutrient cycling; the greater will be stability.
More the stability more will be the productivity of the ecosystem.
If an ecosystem can be easily damaged it means that stability is low. For example, man-made or artificial ecosystems have low stability. But if the ecosystem can recover fast it means high resilience.
High resilience may be due to human intervention or secondary colonization of fast-growing plants and rapidly settling animals.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Pyramid of energy in a river ecosystem is
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Always upright
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Always erect
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Constant
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Declining
Explanation
Pyramid of energy is ecological pyramid that gives graphic representation of amount of energy trapped by different trophic levels per unit area. It is always upright because during transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next a lot of wastage occurs in feeding, digestion, assimilation and respiration i.e metabolism at each trophic level. Hence, organisms of each trophic level have more energy than each succeeding trophic level and less energy than organisms at previous trophic level.
When the number of organisms at successive levels are plotted, then this pyramid is called the pyramid of _______.
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Energy
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Number
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Biomass
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Both A and C
Explanation
A pyramid of numbers is a graphical representation of the number of organisms per unit area at each trophic level.
It is generally upright as the maximum number of individuals occur at the producer level.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
In a food chain, the total amount of living material is depicted by ?
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Pyramid of biomass
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Pyramid of energy
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Pyramid of number
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Trophic levels
Explanation
The pyramid of biomass is an ecological pyramid, which represents the biomass at various trophic levels.
It represents the living material produced at each level from the food obtained from the previous level.
It is upright except for the aquatic food chain, which involves planktons.
So, the correct answer is '
Pyramid of biomass'.
In lake ecosystem, pyramid biomass is
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Upright
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Inverted
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Anything is possible
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None of the above
The pyramid that cannot be inverted in a stable ecosystem, is pyramid of
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Number
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Energy
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Biomass
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All of the above
Explanation
Pyramid of energy is ecological pyramid, that represents the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next a lot of wastage occurs in metabolism and energy transfer. Maximum energy content is present in producers and least at top carnivore levels. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
In a grassland ecosystem, the largest population in a pyramid of number is _______.
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Producers
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Tertiary consumers
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Secondary consumers
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Primary consumers
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Herbivores
Explanation
In a grassland ecosystem, the pyramid of number
is upright as a maximum number of organisms occur at the producer level, followed by a smaller number of herbivores, fewer primary carnivores, and still fewer higher levels of carnivores.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
If all decomposers are removed from an ecosystem, what will happen?
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All consumer will die
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Energy cycle will be inverted
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Balance of biogeochemical cycle will be disturbed
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Only herbivores will die
Explanation
Decomposers are saprotrophs, which decompose the organic remains by secreting extracellular digestive enzymes.
Due to degradation of organic remains, decomposers are also called as reducers. They are also known as mineralisers as they release minerals trapped in organic remains.
Detrivores are decomposers as well as scavengers, e.g., earthworm.
Decomposition of organic wastes and dead and decaying plants and animals returns the minerals locked in living systems back to the environment.
Thus, decomposition is very important for the biogeochemical cycles, or nutrient cycling.
Which one of the following statement for pyramid of energy is incorrect, whereas the remaining three are correct?
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It is upright in shape.
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Its base is broad.
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It shows energy content of different trophic level.
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It is inverted in shape.
Explanation
Pyramid of energy is an ecological pyramid, that gives a graphic representation of the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
It is always upright because during transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next, 90% of energy is lost in feeding, digestion, assimilation, respiration and other metabolic reactions. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
In a tree ecosystem, the pyramid of number is
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Upright
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Inverted
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Both A and B
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None of the above
Explanation
The pyramid of number is a graphical representation of the number of individuals at each trophic levels.
It is generally upright as a maximum number of organisms occurs at the producer level, followed by less number of organisms at successively higher trophic levels.
However, a single large-sized tree can provide food to several herbivores e.g., birds, squirrels etc. which support a few carnivores. Such a pyramid of number is always inverted. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
The pyramid of energy in a forest ecosystem is
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Always upright
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Always inverted
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Both upright and inverted
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None of the above
Explanation
Ecological pyramid is the graphic representation of an ecological parameter (number, biomass or energy).
The ecological pyramid can be upright, inverted or spindle shaped.
The pyramid of energy gives graphic representation of flow of energy in different trophic levels. It is always upright because only 10 percent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
The pyramid of number is based on
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Unit per area
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Food per individual
0%
Individuals in trophic level
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Energy per unit area
Explanation
Pyramid of number is an ecological/Eltonian pyramid.
It is a graphical representation of a number of individuals at each trophic levels.
It puts organisms sequence-wise, with producers at the base and various consumers at successively higher levels.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Energy storage at consumer level is called as
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Gross primary productivity
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Secondary productivity
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Net primary productivity
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Net productivity
Explanation
Primary productivity is the amount of energy or biomass accumulation in green plants per unit area per unit time. It depends upon the availability of solar radiations, optimum temperature, soil moisture and biogenetic nutrients.
Gross primary productivity is the total organic matter synthesized by the producers in the process of photosynthesis.
Net primary productivity is the total organic matter stored by producers per unit area per unit time.
Secondary productivity is synthesis of organic matter by consumers per unit area per unit time.
The total energy fixed by a gram plant (
Cicer arietinum
) in an ecosystem as a whole is called
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Primary production
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Gross production
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Secondary production
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Tertiary production
Explanation
Primary productivity is the amount of energy or biomass accumulation in green plants per unit area per unit time.
It depends upon the availability of solar radiations, optimum temperature, soil moisture, and biogenetic nutrients.
Gross primary productivity is the total organic matter synthesized by the producers (gram in this case) in the process of photosynthesis.
Secondary productivity is the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers.
There is no term as tertiary productivity in ecology.
Hence, total energy fixed by a gram plant (producer) in an ecosystem will be called gross production.
In ecotone which species become abundant?
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Sibling species
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Endemic species
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Rare species
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Edge species
Explanation
Ecotone is the transition zone between two communities e.g., forest and grassland.
Ecotone has a mixture of species belonging to both the communities. Ecotone possesses higher number of species than either of two communities.
The increased number and even density of species in the region of ecotone or community border is called as the edge effect.
The species, which are found primarily or most abundantly or spend most of their time in ecotone are known as edge species.
So, the correct answer is '
Edge species'
Name the term used to describe a single dominant species that dictates community structure
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Pioneer species
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Transitional species
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Key stone species
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Indigenous species
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Exogenous species
Explanation
According to Paine (1969), keystone species are those whose role or activities determine community structure.
Major autotrophic biomass in oceans is contributed by
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Forests
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Algae and Phytoplanktons
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Crops
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None of the above
Explanation
Biomass is the organic matter obtained from the living organism which act as a source of energy. In a biomass pyramid, the trophic levels are sequentially arranged at the trophic level according to the biomass at each level. The bottom of every pyramid is made up of autotrophs ( producers). In ocean, the phytoplanktons and algae are the primary producers of the marine food chain.
Which of the following habitats is most unsuitable for primary productivity?
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Meadow
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Forest river bank
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Cave
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Pond
Explanation
The plants or the other autotrophic organisms which can prepare food require sunlight. In a cave, there will be very less availability of sunlight and hence primary productivity due to photosynthesis by green plants will be very low. Hence, a cave ecosystem is most unsuitable for primary productivity.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Which of the following ecosystem has the highest gross primary productivity?
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Grassland
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Coral reef
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Mangroves
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Rain forest
Explanation
Primary productivity is the amount of energy (measured in kcal per square meter per year) or biomass (measured in grams per square meter per year), accumulated in green plants per unit area per unit time. It depends on the availability of solar radiations, optimum temperature, soil moisture and biogenetic nutrients.
Coral reef ecosystem has highest gross primary productivity due to availability of large number of autotrophs per unit area.
Bell-shaped polygonal pyramid indicates
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High percentage of young individuals
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Moderate percentage of young individuals
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Low percentage of young individuals
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Low percentage of old individuals
The species of plants that play a vital role in controlling the relative abundance of other species in a community are called
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Edge species
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Link species
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Keystone species
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Pioneer species
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Successional species
The possible beneficial affect of grazing animals is the
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Removal of wild animals
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Eradication of weeds
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Removal of wild plants
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Addition of their excrete to the soil
Explanation
Although grazing is harmful for plants but grazing may beneficial by adding their excretion into soil, which provides essential mineral nutrition to plants.
Which one of the following regarding ecological pyramid is not correct?
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In most ecosystems, the pyramid of numbers and biomass are always upright.
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In tree-dominated ecosystems, the pyramid of numbers is inverted.
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In deep water ecosystems, the pyramid of biomass is upright.
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The total energy flow at successive trophic level always decreases.
Explanation
In most ecosystems, the pyramid of numbers and biomass are always upright except for the pyramid of biomass for aquatic ecosystem and the pyramid of number for tree ecosystem.
In an ecosystem dominated by trees, the pyramid (of numbers) is of Inverted type because it makes more biomass that leads to the large population of birds and insects as compared to the trees.
In a deepwater ecosystem, the producers are small organisms (phytoplankton) with the least biomass and the biomass gradually increase towards the apex of the pyramid (from small fishes to large fishes). Thus the pyramid of biomass of aquatic ecosystems is inverted in shape.
The pyramid of energy is always upright because the energy flow in a food chain is always unidirectional that means energy flow at successive trophic levels always decreases.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Pyramid of biomass for forest is
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Inverted
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Upright
0%
Infinite
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Finite
Explanation
Producers are more in number (forest) than the primary consumers. Primary consumers are more in number than secondary consumers. That is why the pyramid of biomass is upright for forests.
Which one of the following ecosystem types have the highest annual net primary productivity?
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Tropical rain forest
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Tropical deciduous forest
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Temperate evergreen forest
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Temperate deciduous forest
Explanation
Correct option: A
Explanation:
Net primary
productivity
is the rate of storage of organic matter except which is utilized for respiration by plants.
The energy which is said to be stocked at the producer level in an ecosystem is called
primary productivity.
Energy stored at the consumer level is called secondary
productivity
. Gross primary
productivity
is the rate of photosynthesis.
Net
production
is the rate of storage of organic matter which is not used by the consumers.
The highest value of net primary productivity of a forest ecosystem is highest in tropical rainforests.
If carbon dioxide is withdrawn from the biosphere, which organism would first experience negative effects
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primary producers
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Producers
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Secondary consumers
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Tertiary consumers
Explanation
Because primary producer first requires CO2, for the process of photosynthesis by which they make their food.
Phosphorus cycles in the form of ____________.
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$$HPO^{3-}$$
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$$P^{2}$$ (gas)
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$$PO_{4}^{3-}$$
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$$Al_{2}(PO_{4})_{3}$$
Explanation
Phosphorus is obtained from soil as orthophosphate $$(PO_{4}^{3-})$$. Organic phosphorus circulates in nature from plants to animals. Phosphate is released by decomposers (Phosphatising bacteria) back to soil.
Which of the following is the major source of Phosphorus ____________.
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Plants
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Animals
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Crystalline rocks
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Deserts
Explanation
The main source of phosphorus is rocks. Through
erosion and weathering phosphorus is made available
in the soil.
So, the correct answer is '
Crystalline rocks'
Which one of the following is not a gaseous biogeochemical
cycle in ecosystem
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Sulphur cycle
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Phosphorus cycle
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Nitrogen cycle
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Carbon cycle
Cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called
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Chemical cycle
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Geochemical cycle
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Biogeochemical cycle
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Geological cycle
Volcano eruption disturbs
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phosphorus cycle
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Nitrogen cycle
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Carbon cycle
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Sulphur cycle
Phosphorus cycle is
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Gaseous cycle
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Perfect cycle
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Imperfect cycle
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Partly gaseous and partly sedimentary
Explanation
$$\textbf{Correct option:}$$ $$\textbf{(C)}$$
$$\textbf{Solution:}$$
$$\textbf{Option (A)}$$
$$\bullet$$
Gaseous cycles are those that aid in the replenishment of gases in the atmosphere.
Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and water cycles are examples of gaseous cycles.
$$\textbf{Option (B)}$$
$$\bullet$$
In the biosphere, the nitrogen cycle is known as a perfect cycle because it keeps or maintains the overall amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere, soil, and water constant. causer of deterioration
$$\bullet$$
The nitrogen cycle is reliant on three types of bacteria: nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and nitrogen fixers.
$$\bullet$$
The nitrogen cycle ensures that nitrogen is circulated regularly through the air, soil, plants, and animals.
$$\textbf{Option (C)}$$
$$\bullet$$
The phosphorus cycle is flawed because phosphorus does not return to the source from whence it came, which is plants.
$$\bullet$$
The world's largest phosphate reserve is ferric and calcium phosphate in rocks, which are relatively intractable.
$$\bullet$$
For terrestrial ecosystems (lithosphere), a cyclic pool is soil; for aquatic ecosystems, it is water (hydrosphere).
$$\bullet$$
Leaching removes some phosphorus from the soil.
$$\bullet$$
Similarly, when enough phosphorus is combined with calcium, iron, or aluminium, it becomes insoluble and settles as silt at the bottom of a lake or ocean.
$$\bullet$$
Bone and teeth may also be spared from degradation.
$$\bullet$$
When the rocks containing phosphorus are exposed to weathering agencies or mined, the phosphorus becomes part of the lithosphere and is released after a very long time.
$$\bullet$$
As a result, the phosphorus cycle is an imperfect cycle.
$$\textbf{Thus the Correct option is (C)}$$
Biogeochemical cycles are of _____________.
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Two types
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Three types
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Four types
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Five types
Explanation
The biogeochemical cycles are classified into 2 types
namely gaseous cycles like Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide and sedimentary cycles like Phosphorus and Sulphur.
So, the correct answer is '
Two types'
In the phosphorus cycle, phosphate becomes available by weathering of rocks first to _____________.
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Consumers
0%
Producers
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Decomposers
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None of these
Explanation
In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes phosphate
available to the soil from where plants or producers get
them first.
So, the correct answer is '
Producers'
Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle __________.
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Phosphorus and carbon dioxide
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Oxygen and nitrogen
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phosphorus and nitrogen
0%
phosphorus and sulphur
Explanation
In sedimentary cycles of matter, materials involved in
circulation between biotic and abiotic components of
biosphere are non gaseous and the reservoir pool is
lithosphere e.g., phosphorus, calcium, magnesium.
Sulphur has both sedimentary and gaseous phases.
So, the correct answer is '
phosphorus and sulphur'
Natural reservoir of phosphorus is :
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Sea water
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Animal bones
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Rock
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Fossils
Explanation
The natural reservoir of phosphate is the rock which contains phosphorus in the form of phosphates when rocks are weathered, minute amounts of these phosphate dissolve in soil solution and are absorbed by the roots of the plants. Herbivores and other animals obtain this element from plants.
So, the correct answer is 'Rock'.
Which one of the following element is the critical limiting factor in the function of ecosphere because of its irretrievable loss into the ocean ______________.
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Phosphorus
0%
Calcium
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Magnesium
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Iron
Explanation
A large amount of phosphate is lost in the sea by
sedimentation. This is irretrievable loss.
So, the correct answer is '
Phosphorus'
A long term global cycle which is linked by water and in
which sea floor rising play an important role is
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Water cycle
0%
Carbon cycle
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Phosphorus cycle
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Carbon and nitrogen cycle
Some of the nutrient cycles are labelled as below. Sulphur
cycle (A), phosphorus cycle (B), carbon cycle (C) and
nitrogen cycle (D)
Of these, the sedimentary cycle is represented by
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(A) only
0%
(B) only
0%
(C) only
0%
(A) and (B) only
0%
(C) and (D) only
In which of the following cycles does the reservoir of the
nutrient exist in material from
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Carbon cycle
0%
Phosphorous cycle
0%
Nitrogen cycle
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Water cycle
Crystalline rocks are natural source of biogenetic element
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Calcium
0%
Phosphorus
0%
Magnesium
0%
Sodium
0%
Sulpher
Biogeochemical cycle with gaseous phase is
Report Question
0%
Carbon
0%
Sodium
0%
Phosphorus
0%
Magnesium
Which of the following cycle would be affected if decomposers of an ecosystem vanish ______________.
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Producer's cycle
0%
Consumer's cycle
0%
Decomposer's cycle
0%
Biogeochemical cycle
Explanation
Recycling of material is carried out by decomposers. If
decomposers of an ecosystem vanish recycling of materials is stopped, thereby affecting the movement materials between the biotic and the abiotic systems that forms the biogeochemical cycle.
So, the correct answer is '
Biogeochemical cycle'
The given figure shows the transfer of energy in an ecosystem.
In the given food chain, 10,000 J of energy is available to the producers. Calculate and find the amount of energy available to the higher carnivores.
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1,000 J of energy
0%
100 J of energy
0%
10 J of energy
0%
1 J of energy
Explanation
In a food chain, only 10% of energy is passed onto the next trophic level.
The remaining energy is lost in metabolic processes and as heat released during respiration.
Thus, if originally 10,000 J of energy is available to the producers, at the second trophic level (herbivores), 10% of 10,000 J = 1000 J of energy will be available.
At the third trophic level (lower carnivores), 10% of 1000 J = 100 J of energy will be available.
At the fourth trophic level (higher carnivores), 10% of 100 J = 10 J of energy will be available.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
In an ecosystem, the 10% of energy available for transfer from one trophic level to the next is in the form of:
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Heat energy
0%
Light energy
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Chemical energy
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Mechanical energy
Explanation
$$\textbf{Correct Option C}$$
$$\textbf{Solution}$$
$$\bullet$$ In an ecosystem the energy is transferred from one trophic Level to another trophic level with the help of 10% rule.
$$\bullet$$
According to this rule only 10% of the energy will be passed on from one trophic Level to the next and the remaining 90% of the energy is used by the first trophic level for growth, development and reproduction.
$$\bullet$$
In the ecosystem the producers are present at the first trophic level and the utilize the solar energy and converts it into chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis.
$$\bullet$$
Out of the total energy only 10% of that chemical energy is passed on to the second trophic level in the form of food via food chain.
$$\bullet$$
So we can clearly state that the energy which is transferred from one trophic Level to another trophic level is present in the form of chemical energy.
$$\bullet$$
So, the correct option is C.
Choose the correct option for the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
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Sun $$\rightarrow$$ Producer
$$\rightarrow$$
Herbivore
$$\rightarrow$$
Carnivore
0%
Producer
$$\rightarrow$$
Herbivore
$$\rightarrow$$
Carnivore
$$\rightarrow$$
Sun
0%
Herbivore
$$\rightarrow$$
Carnivore
$$\rightarrow$$
Sun
$$\rightarrow$$
Producer
0%
Carnivore
$$\rightarrow$$
Sun
$$\rightarrow$$
Producer
$$\rightarrow$$
Herbivore
Explanation
The flow of energy in an ecosystem occurs in the following sequence
Sun
$$\rightarrow$$
Producer
$$\rightarrow$$
Herbivore $$\rightarrow$$ Carnivore
The flow of energy is unidirectional because of the following reasons:
(i) Energy flows progressively from one trophic level to another and cannot revert back.
The energy given out as heat is lost in the environment, it does not return to be used again.
(ii) Also, the available energy decreases at a higher trophic level. Out of the total energy available, at a particular trophic level, only 10% is passed on to the next trophic level, making it impossible for energy to flow in the reverse direction.
Choose the ecological pyramids which is/are always upright?
I. Pyramid of numbers
II. Pyramid of biomass
III. Pyramid of energy
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I only
0%
II and III only
0%
III only
0%
I and II only
The following ecological pyramids represent the number of organisms involved in feeding relationships.
Choose the LETTER (A, B, C or D) which is most likely to represent the organisms in each of the figures.
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Figure 1 : grass $$\rightarrow$$ locust $$\rightarrow$$ snake $$\rightarrow$$ frog, Figure 2 : grass $$\rightarrow$$ locust $$\rightarrow$$ frog
0%
Figure 1 : tree $$\rightarrow$$ ant $$\rightarrow$$ spider $$\rightarrow$$ lizard, Figure 2 : tree $$\rightarrow$$ bird $$\rightarrow$$ parasites
0%
Figure 1 : grass $$\rightarrow$$ locust $$\rightarrow$$ frog $$\rightarrow$$ snake, Figure 2 : tree $$\rightarrow$$ bird $$\rightarrow$$ parasites
0%
Figure 1 : snake $$\rightarrow$$ frog $$\rightarrow$$ locust $$\rightarrow$$ grass, Figure 2 : tree $$\rightarrow$$ ant $$\rightarrow$$ spider
Which of the following is an example of secondary succession?
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Vegetation developing on a bare rock
0%
Vegetation developing following forest fire
0%
Fungus growing on a banana peel
0%
Conversion of pond into a crop field by humans
Explanation
Secondary succession is the sequence of changes that happens on a previously colonized but damaged habitat. The forests fires have resulted in the destruction of the habitat which was present at a time. The development of new vegetation after forest fire is an example of secondary succession.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
The energy flows from autotroph to heterotroph.
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0%
True
0%
False
Explanation
Energy flow always occurs from a lower trophic level to a higher trophic level. Autotrophs are the producers and they occupy the first trophic level. Heterotrophs are consumers which occupy subsequent trophic levels as primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. Thus, energy transfer takes place from autotrophs to heterotrophs.
Hence, the statement given in the question is true.
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