Explanation
$$\textbf{Correct option: }$$ A
$$\textbf{Solution: }$$
$$\textbf{Option (A) }$$
$$\bullet$$The catalytic converters in automobiles use metals like platinum-palladium and rhodium to act as catalysts and convert the hydrocarbons, CO, and nitric oxide pollutants into CO2, N2, water, etc.
$$\bullet$$Hence, these reduce the emission of pollutant gases from automobiles.
Hence, the correct option is (A)
$$\textbf{Correct option: D}$$
$$\textbf{Solution:}$$
Option A:
$$\bullet$$ Soil erosion is the removal of topmost fertile layer of soil along with the flowing water.
$$\bullet$$ It is more evident in the places with less number of plants or trees. Because the plant roots hold the soil particles very tightly and prevent their eradication, thus, prevents the soil erosion.
$$\bullet$$ Deforestation causes decrease in the number of trees, so when there is heavy rainfall occur, the rate of soil erosion increases.
Option B:
$$\bullet$$ Soil particles can hold the water in the spaces between them.
$$\bullet$$ Deforestation causes removal of soil particles that decreases the water-holding capacity of the soil. That's why, enough water cannot leach down in the soil which results in the depletion of water in the catchment areas.
Option C:
$$\bullet$$ Global warming is the rise in earth's temperature due to increased concentration of green house gases like carbon dioxide.
$$\bullet$$ Plants use the atmospheric carbon dioxide and release oxygen that reduces the global warming.
$$\bullet$$ Deforestation causes reduction in trees, so the excess of carbon dioxide cannot be used that causes increase in its concentration in the atmosphere. Increase in concentration of these gases cause global warming.
Option D:
$$\bullet$$ Soil erosion, depletion of groundwater in an area and global warming, all are the results of deforestation.
$$\bullet$$ Deforestation is the decrease in number of trees that results in decrease of forest area. It occurs due to human activities as well as due to natural calamities.
Hence the correct option is option D.
__________ is the reason for converting sandy desert of Rajasthan into a granary.
Indira Gandhi canal is one of the important irrigation canals of India. It starts from Firozpur of Punjab and terminates its irrigation facilities in Thar Desert of Rajasthan. The canal traverses seven districts of Rajasthan namely Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, and Sriganganagar. Without this canal, entire Rajasthan would have been a desert.
Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses. Deforestation has many negative effects on the environment. The most dramatic impact is a loss of habitat for millions of species. Seventy percent of Earth's land animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot survive the deforestation that destroys their homes. Deforestation also drives climate change. Since, trees purify air by absorbing carbon dioxide from atmosphere, loss of trees would result into increase in level of carbon dioxide.
Desertification is a type of land degradation in which relatively dry area of land becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.
$$\textbf{Correct option: B}$$
$$\bullet$$ Approximately $$31\%$$ of the total global land is covered by the forests, $$10\%$$ by glaciers and $$19\%$$ by barren land.
$$\bullet$$ It has been analyzed that forest area has been reduced up to half from past 10,000 years.
$$\bullet$$ This reduction in forest covered area occurs due to expansion in agricultural land.
$$\bullet$$ In the present time, there is about $$47\%$$ of habitable land is used for agricultural purposes (including grazing areas of livestock) whereas only $$38\%$$ is under forest area.
Hence the correct option is option B.
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