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CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Biology Evolution Quiz 10 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 12 Medical Biology
Evolution
Quiz 10
Which is correct order in evolutionary history of man
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Peking Man Habilus Man $$\rightarrow $$
Neanderthal Man $$\rightarrow $$
Cro-Magnon Man
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Peking Man $$\rightarrow $$
Heidelberg Man $$\rightarrow $$
Neanderthal Man $$\rightarrow $$
Cro-Magnon Man
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Peking Man $$\rightarrow $$
Neanderthal Man $$\rightarrow $$
Homo sapiens $$\rightarrow $$
Heidelberg Man
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Poking. Man $$\rightarrow $$
Homo sapiens $$\rightarrow $$
Neanderthal Man $$\rightarrow $$
Cro-Magnon Man
Explanation
Cro-Magnon Man was considered as ancestors of Modern Man. While going through the evolution of human, first Peking man then Neanderthal Man comes followed by Cro-Magnon Man appeared.
So, the correct option is A.
Early true man was
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Peking Man
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Java Man
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Neanderthal Man
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Homo habitue
Explanation
Neanderthal Man was the 1st fossil man to be discovered.
It is the best known pre historic man.
It existed about 0.4 millions years ago.
So, the correct option is 'Neanderthal man'
The correct sequence in the evolution of modern man is
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Dryopithecus $$\rightarrow $$ Australopithecus $$\rightarrow $$ Homo habilis $$\rightarrow $$ Homo erectus $$\rightarrow $$ Homo sapiens
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Australopithecus $$\rightarrow $$ Dryopithecus $$\rightarrow $$ Homo habilis $$\rightarrow $$ Homo erectus $$\rightarrow $$ Homo sapiens
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Homo habilis $$\rightarrow $$ Dryopithecus $$\rightarrow $$ Australopithecus $$\rightarrow $$ Homo erectus $$\rightarrow $$ Homo sapiens
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Austratopithecus
$$\rightarrow $$
Homoerectus
$$\rightarrow $$
Neanderthal man
$$\rightarrow $$
cro-magnon man$$\rightarrow $$modern man
Explanation
While moving in the sequential order in the human Evolution first
Australopithecus
, then
Homo habilis
, then
Homo erectus
followed by Cro-Magnon Man and finally Modern Man come.
So, the correct answer is '
Australopithecus
→
→
Homo erectus
→
→
Neanderthal man
→
→
C
ro-Magnon man
→
→
modern man'
The chronological order of human evolution from early to the recent is
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Australopithecus -
Homo habilis
- Ramapithecus -
Homo erectus
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Australopithecus - Ramapithecus -
Homo habilis
-
Homo erectus
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Ramapithecus - Australopithecus -
Homo habilis
-
Homo erectus
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Ramapithecus -
Homo habilis
- Australopithecus -
Homo erectus
Explanation
Paleontologists theorize that the hominid lineage evolved from the pongid lineage 15-17 mya. This would provide hominids enough time to evolve from the pongids observed at 17 mya:
Ramapithecus, Sivapithcus.
Homo- habilis
is now extinct, but he inhabited parts of sub-Saharan Africa about 2 million to 1.5 million years ago. Homo-habilis is generally accepted as the earliest member of the genus Homo. He is following Australopithecus and preceding Homo-erectus.
So, the correct answer is '
Ramapithecus - Australopithecus - Homo habilis - Homo erectus.'
Match the lists.
(a) African Ape Man (i)
Homo erectus
(b) Java Ape Man (ii)
Pithecanthropus erectus
(c) Peking Man (iii) Subspecies of
H. erectus
(d) Neanderthal (iv)
Homo neanderthalensis
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a-i, b-ii, c- iii, d- iv
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a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
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a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii
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a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii
Explanation
$$\textbf{Correct option: (A)}$$
$$\textbf{Solution:}$$
(a) African ape man - (i) $$Homo$$ $$erectus$$
$$\bullet$$ African ape man was the first fossil of a human ancestor, found in Africa. Its brain volume was about 420–510 cc.
(b) Java ape man - (ii) $$Pithecanthropus$$ $$erectus$$
$$\bullet$$ Java ape man is the popular name given to early human fossils discovered on the island of Java (Indonesia). Formerly its scientific name is $$Pithecanthropus$$ $$erectus$$, now it is $$Homo$$ $$erectus$$ $$erectus$$.
(c) Peking man - (iii) Subspecies of $$H.$$ $$erectus$$
$$\bullet$$ Peking man is a subspecies of $$H.$$ $$erectus$$, it inhabited the Zhoukoudian cave of northern China during the middle Pleistocene.
(d) Neanderthal - (iv) $$Homo$$ $$neanderthalensis$$
$$\bullet$$ Neanderthals are an extinct subspecies of archaic humans. These lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago.
Scientific name of Java man is
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Homo habilis
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Homo sapiens neanderthalensis
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Homo erectus erectus
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Australopithecus being
Explanation
The Scientific name of Java Man is
Homo erectus erectus
Cranial capacity is 800 to 1000cc
Omnivorous , Cannibalism have also found in Java Man.
So , the correct answer is
'
Homo erectus erectus'
Identify the correct sequence with regard to the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens (a)
Australopithecus
(b)
Ramapithecus
(c)
Dryopithecus
(d)
Homo erectus
(e)
Homo neanderthals
(f)
Homo habilis
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b-c-a-d-e-f
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c-b-a-f-d-e
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b - c -a-d-f-e
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c -a - b-d-f- e
Explanation
During the evolution of Human first
Dryoithecus
appear then
Ramapithecus
, then
Australopithecus
followed by
Homo habilis
then
Homo erectus
and finally then
Homo sapiens
appeared.
So, the correct option is 'B'.
Cro-Magnon man is ___________.
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Homo sapiens fossillis
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Homo habilis
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Homo erectus
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None of the above
Dryopithecus was
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Early human
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Human ancestor
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Ape ancestor
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Ancestor of both ape and humans
Explanation
Dryopithecus was a tree-dwelling ape that originated in eastern Africa about 15 million years ago and then (like its hominid descendants millions of years later) radiated out into Europe and Asia. Dryopithecus was only remotely related to modern human.
So, the Correct Option is 'D'.
Extinct human ancestor who ate only fruits and hunted with stone weapons was
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Australopithecus
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Dryopithecus
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Ramapithecus
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Homo erectus
Explanation
Ramapithecus existed about 15 millions years ago.
It was herbivores that's why they only ate fruits and it was also more ape like than human like having cranial capacity 350cc.
So, the correct answer is '
Ramapithecus
'
Which of the following shows similarity with first man/human hominid?
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Homo neanderthalensis
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Australopithecus
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Homo erectus
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Homo habilis
Explanation
Homo habilis
existed about 2 millions years ago and marked as the beginning of human phase and it was considered as a tool maker, that invented many tools and made utensils from stones therefore also known as Handy Man.
So, the correct answer is '
Homo habilis
'
Which among the following initiated study in population genetics and related fields?
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Hardy-Weinberg law
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Lamarckism
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Mechanistic theory of Darwin
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Natural theory
Explanation
The Hardy-Weinberg law initiated the study in population genetics and related fields. It states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool remains in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population if five conditions are met. They are random mating and the absence of mutation, gene flow, genetic drift and selection.
So, the correct option is 'Hardy-Weinberg law'.
Non-directional force altering Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is _____________.
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Genetic drift
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Gene flow
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Gene recombination
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Mutation
Explanation
Answer is option A i.e. "Genetic drift"
Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population change over generations due to chance. Genetic drift is non-directional and non-adaptive, i. e. the genes of a small population changes irrespective of selective advantages or disadvantages.
What is correct formulation of Hardy-Weinberg law?
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$$ p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 $$
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$$ p^2 + pq + q^2 = 1 $$
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$$ p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 0 $$
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$$ p^2 + pq + q^2 = 0 $$
Explanation
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is given by,
p
2
+ 2pq + q
2
= 1
Here, p and q represent the individual allele frequencies.
Therefore,
p
2
= frequency of homozygous condition represented by p.
q
2
= frequency of homozygous alleles represented by q.
2
pq = frequency of heterozygous condition.
So, the correct answer is '
p
2
+ 2pq + q
2
= 1'
Study of living cultures is
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Ethnology
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Ethnography
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Sociobiology
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Exobiology.
Frequency of A allele is $$0.6$$ and that of a allele is $$0.4$$. What would be frequency of heterozygotes in random mating population?
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$$0.36$$
0%
$$0.16$$
0%
$$0.24$$
0%
$$0.48$$
Explanation
In a stable population, for a gene with two alleles, 'A' (dominant) and 'a' (recessive), if the frequency of 'A' is p and the frequency of 'a' is q, then the frequencies of the three possible genotypes (AA, Aa and aa) can be expressed by the Hardy-Weinberg equation:
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
where p^2 = Frequency of AA (homozygous dominant) individuals
q^2 = Frequency of aa (homozygous recessive) individuals
2pq = Frequency of Aa (heterozygous) individuals.
So, p= 0.6 and q = 0.4 (given)
.'. 2pq (frequency of heterozygote) =2 x 0.6 x 0.4=0.48
So, the correct answer is '0.48'.
Maintenance of genetic equilibrium is known as :
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Gause principle
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Bergmen law
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Glogger principle
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Hardy-Weinerg principle
Explanation
Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the allelic frequency in a random mating population will remain constant in the absence of mutation, migration and selection. So, there is genetic equilibrium
So, the correct answer is '
Hardy-Weinberg principle'
In random mating population in equilibrium, which of the following brings about a change in gene frequency in a nondirectional manner?
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Mutations
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Random drift
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Selection
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Migration
Explanation
Random drift is a non-directional factor. In actual practice, gene frequencies due to random drift may approach limits, i.e.; 1 and 0.
This would simply be possible only when a new population arises due to a very small sample leading to the fixation of one allele at the cost of another.
In this manner, the changes in gene frequency can be brought about without the existence of any directional force, i.e; mutation, selection and migration and this change has been called random genetic drift.
Thus, Random drift brings about a change in gene frequency in a non-directional manner in a random mating population at equilibrium. Thus, Option b is correct.
Change in frequency of alleles in a population results in evolution as proposed by :
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De Vries theory
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Hardy-Weinberg principle
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Darwin's theory
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Lamarck's theory
Explanation
According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, disturbance in genetic equilibrium or change of frequency of alleles in a population can
be interpreted as accumulation or change in variations that results in evolution.
Five factors are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,
1. Gene migration or gene flow
2. Genetic drift.
3. Mutation.
4. Genetic recombination.
5. Natural selection.
So, the correct answer is 'Hardy-Weinberg principle'
In which condition gene ratio remains constant in a species?
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Gene flow
0%
Mutation
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Random mating
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Sexual selection
Explanation
According to Hardy-Weinberg's principle, the gene and genotypic frequencies in a population in a large random mating population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of migration, mutation, and selection.
So, the correct answer is '
Random mating'.
The earliest man-like primate was
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Ramapithecus
0%
Australopithecus
0%
Homo habitue
0%
Homo erectus
Explanation
Ramapithecus appeared 10 to 15 millions years ago.After Ramapithecus , Australopithecus and Homo habillis, Homo erectus, appeared followed by the Modern man appeared.
That's why Ramapithecus was the earliest man like primate.
So, the correct option is 'A'.
Life expectancy is
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Life span in human beings
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Maximum longevity in humans
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Survivorship
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Survivorship in different age groups.
The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge is called :
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Adaptive radiation
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Natural selection
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Convergent evolution
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Non-random evolution
Explanation
Convergent evolution is a topic of evolutionary biology which can be described as the process where some diverse organisms individually develop the traits which are similar in function.
For example : insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats; all have developed the similar nature of the flight/wings. All four serve the same function and are similar in structure, but each evolved independently.
So, the correct answer is 'Convergent evolution'
Semelparity is
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Development of adult organs in larva
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One time reproduction in life
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Repeated reproduction at intervals
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Production of a few offspring at one time.
Cognogeny is
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Origin of life
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Origin of organic molecules
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Development of different life forms
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Development of different organic molecules.
Anthropometry is
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Study of human linguistics
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Measurement of human traits
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Study of human brain power
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Evolution of human culture.
Evolution of different species starting from a point and spreading to other areas is :
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Adaptive radiation
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Natural selection
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Migration
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Divergent evolution
Explanation
Evolution of different species starting from a point and spreading to other areas is migration.
Example, evolution of humans
Occurrence of non-beneficial alleles in heterozyguos genotype is :
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Genetic load
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Genetic drift
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Gene flow
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Selection
Explanation
Genetic load is the reduction in the mean fitness of a population relative to a population composed entirely of individuals having optimal genotypes.
It is due to the occurrence of non-beneficial alleles in heterozygous genotype.
Genetic load can be caused by recurrent deleterious mutations, genetic drift, recombination affecting epistatically favourable gene combinations, or other genetic processes.
So, the correct answer is 'Genetic load'
According to Darwin, diversity as found in Australian marsupials is due to :
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Convergent evolution
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Adaptive radiation
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Parallel radiation
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Parallel evolution
Explanation
Australian marsupials evolved due to convergent evolution. It is a process by which organisms evolve independently but with similar traits due to similar environment. Placental mammals and marsupials exhibits the same ecological niche in different parts of the world which got separated during continental drift.
So, the correct answer is '
Convergent evolution
'
An evolutionary pattern characterised by increase in number and kind of closely related species is :
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Convergent evolution
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Parallel evolution
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Adaptive radiation
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Divergent evolution
Explanation
parallel evolution - is the evolution of closely related lineages usually with a single common ancestor.
Example, mammals, placentals and Marsupials
Hardy-Weinberg principle cannot operate if :
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Population is large
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Free interbreeding among all members.
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Frequent mutations occur in population
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Population does not interact with other population
Explanation
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium cannot operate if there are changes in allelic frequencies in the population. Various factors capable of changing allelic frequency are Gene migration or gene flow, Genetic drift, Mutation, Genetic recombination, Natural selection.
So, the correct answer is 'Frequent mutations occur in population'
Celestial body with a tail is
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Asteroid
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Comet
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Meteorite
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Nebula.
Number of aeons in geological time scale is
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3
0%
5
0%
7
0%
9.
The finch species of Galapagos Islands are grouped according to their food sources. Which of the following is not a finch fond?
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Insects
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Tree buds
0%
Seeds
0%
Carrion
Explanation
The small black birds found on Galapagos islands, which later came to be known as Darwin's finches were originally adapted with seed-eating features.
From these many other forms evolved with altered beaks depending on the food habit. This enabled them to become insectivorous and vegetarian finches. But no species of finch fed on carrion (decaying dead matter).
So, the correct answer is 'Carrion'
Presence of a single supercontinent on earth some 250 million years back was proposed by
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Huxley
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Wegener
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Wilson
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Libby.
9% of Hardy Weinberg population of 800 are recessive. How many of this population are heterozygous?
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0%
336
0%
392
0%
372
0%
362
Explanation
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle,
p
2
+ 2pq + q
2
= 1
Here, p and q represent the individual allele frequencies.
Therefore,
p
2
= frequency of homozygous condition represented by p.
q
2
= frequency of homozygous alleles represented by q.
2
pq = frequency of heterozygous condition.
Here,
p
2 = 0.09, hence p = 0.3
Using p + q = 1, q = 0.7
So, the allelic frequency of heterozygous population,
2pq = 2 × 0.3 × 0.7 = 0.42
So, the heterozygous population = 0.42 × 800 = 336.
So, the correct option is '336'.
In the past 2000 million years, continents have circled the earth
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40 times
0%
10 times
0%
4 times
0%
2 times.
Amber belongs to
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Quarternary period
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Middle tertiary period
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Cretaceous
0%
Devonian.
Wegener (1912) put forward a famous theory known as
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Plate tectonics
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Continental drift theory
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Theory of recapitulation
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Convergent evolution.
Single land mass present before 250 million years ago has been named as
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Panthalassa
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Laurasia
0%
Gondwanaland
0%
Pangaea.
In Hardy-Weinberg equation the frequency of heterozygous individuals is represented by :
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$$ q^2 $$
0%
$$ p^2 $$
0%
$$2 pq$$
0%
$$pq$$
Explanation
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is given by :
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Here, p and q represent the individual allele frequencies.
Therefore,
p² =
frequency of homozygous condition represented by p.
q²
= frequency of homozygous alleles represented by q.
and 2
pq = frequency of heterozygous condition.
So, the correct answer is '2pq'
Who is regarded as "Darwin of 20th century"?
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John Ray
0%
Lamarck
0%
Ernst Mayr
0%
Darwin
Explanation
Option (C) is correct here.
Ernst Mayr is known as Darwin of 20th century.He is known as he contributed a lot to the science. He was a leading evolutionary biologist in his time.He prompted and dispersed Darwin's Hypotheses.
Consider the following eras.
Archaeozoic
Proterozoic
Palaeozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Vascular land plants were predominant in.
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$$1, 2$$ and $$3$$
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$$1, 3$$ and $$4$$
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$$2, 4$$ and $$5$$
0%
$$3, 4$$ and $$5$$
Explanation
The archaeozoic era is the era of invisible life.
In proterozoic era green algae is diversified.
In palaeozoic, mesozoic, and cenozoic eras the first land vascular plant (psilophytes), gymnosperms and angiosperms are appeared respectively in the eras.
Hence, the correct answer is option D, i.e., 3, 4 and 5.
Life is believed to have arisen when organic molecules were abundant in the sea and when there was no $$CO_2$$ to oxidize them.
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The promotions
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The repairers
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The photosynthesizes
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None of the above
In a population, The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium would NOT prevail in the.
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Absence of Selection
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Presence of random mating
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Absence of immigration or emigration
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Presence of mutation
Cacti and Euphobia are not easily distinguished because they grow under similar conditions of xenomorphic environment and show identical morphological adaptations. Such a type of parallel evolution is referred to as.
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Divergent evolution
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Convergent evolution
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Retrogressive evolution
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Progressive evolution
In the case of peppered moth(Biston betularia) the black-coloured from became dominant over the light-coloured form in England during industrial revolution. This is an example of.
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Natural selection whereby the darker forms were selected
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Appearance of the darker coloured individuals due to very poor sunlight
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Protective mimicry
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Inheritance of darker colour character acquired due to the darker environment
Two unrelated organisms that become similar in appearance and ways of life as they adapt to similar environmental situations exhibit ___________________.
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Adaptive radiation
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Convergent evolution
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Parallel evolution
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Homology
Match List I (Life form) with List II (Means of Surviving the Siess) and
select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List I
List II
A.
Chamaephytes
1.
Buds are underground on rhizomes, bulbs, corms
B.
Geophytes
2.
Buds are located at the surface of soil, protected
by leaf and stem bases
C.
Hemicryptophytes
3.
Annual life span; survive the stress as seeds
D.
Therophytes
4.
Buds are locate a above ground, but low enough not to be exposed to strong winds
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A-3. B-2, C-1, D-4
0%
A-3, B-1, C-2, C-4
0%
A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
0%
A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
Which one of the following classes of compounds is most useful in comparative studies for determining the ancestral relationships?
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Amino acids
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Nucleotide sequences
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Nucleic acids
0%
Proteins
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Practice Class 12 Medical Biology Quiz Questions and Answers
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