CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Biology Evolution Quiz 7 - MCQExams.com

An urban pest control company has gathered data on the color of a rodent species population. The data is displayed in the graph. Which of the following statements explains the data?
525217_f54e80a6c09e4200af1727737951871f.png
  • Fur color is caused by a single gene with three alleles
  • The area recently experienced an environmental change
  • The grey allele is dominant
  • The grey phenotype has a higher fitness
Which of the following statement provides the weakest supporting evidence for the idea that all organisms on earth share a common ancestral origin of life?
  • All cells on earth contain cytoplasm.
  • All cells on earth are capable of metabolizing glucose using the process of glycolysis.
  • The DNA of all cells on earth is composed of different combinations of the same 4 nucleotide bases.
  • All cells on earth use DNA as their genetic material.
In the year 2230, ten married, heterosexual pairs of space colonists settle an uninhabited planet. The population randomly mates for several generations. All of the original colonists could roll their tongues, and four were heterozygous for the trait.
Why is it unlikely for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to maintain initial allele frequencies for tongue rolling that existed in the original colonists' population?
  • Random mutations are more likely to occur in the environment of a new planet.
  • Inbreeding would occur, which has the same effect on a population as emigration.
  • Tongue rolling is an important survival trait that is likely to be selected for the environment of the new planet.
  • The population is so small that random chance will artificially alter the allele frequencies from generation to generation.
The finches that populate the Galapagos islands are genetically much more closely related to a species of ground finch found on the mainland in South America than they are to a species of finch found on the mainland in North America. This observation suggests that
  • The finches on the Galapagos islands have descended directly from the finches in South America.
  • The climatic environment on the Galapagos islands is more similar to the climatic environment in South America than North America.
  • The Galapagos islands were once physically connected to the continent of South America.
  • The finches on the Galapagos islands and the finches on the mainland of South America are experiencing convergent evolution.
The ancestor of all living things would be expected to have all of the following except a/an
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Ribosomes
If two populations of a species exist in isolation from each other, and one population experiences genetic drift while the other does not, what is the most likely outcome?
  • The two populations will experience allopatric speciation.
  • The population that experiences genetic drift will go extinct.
  • The two populations, because they are the same species, will stay in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with each other.
  • Evolution will occur, since the gene frequencies in the gene pools of the two populations will change.
Which of the following experiments could provide evidence that all living things share a common genetic code?
  • Engineer a plant to express a desired trait using genes from its own genome.
  • Insert ATP produced in a bacterial cell into a mammalian cell.
  • Perform a bacterial transformation using a plasmid containing a Eukaryote gene.
  • Replace a hox gene of a vertebrate with a hox gene of an invertebrate.
Which of the following diagrams depicts adaptive radiation?
Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the idea that all life on Earth evolved from a single common ancestor?
  • All life requires a constant input of energy from its environment
  • All organisms use the same molecules (DNA and RNA) to store and transmit hereditary information
  • All organisms reproduce
  • All organisms experience evolution at the individual level
Evolutionary biologists maintain that glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that evolved on earth prior to the divergence of life on planet Earth into different domains.
Which of the following statements best supports this hypothesis?
  • The process of glycolysis, with few molecular modifications, is used by all cells on the planet regardless of the domain to which they belong.
  • Glycolysis is the only metabolic pathway the does not use or require the presence of oxygen.
  • The process of glycolysis is used by all eukaryotic organisms from all Domains and Kingdoms.
  • The enzymes used in the process of glycolysis are found in the cytosol of cells rather than in a membrane-enclosed organelle.
Which of the following statements is true?
  • All modern species have arisen from previous forms, and continue to evolve.
  • Almost all modern species evolved from other modern species.
  • The original prokaryotic species that arose over 3 billion years ago are still existing today.
  • The total number of species on Earth is always increasing.
Which of the following factors influences the process of adaptive radiation resulting in rapid speciation the least?
  • Genetic drift.
  • Migration to a new area with appropriate resources and few competitors.
  • Ecological niches vacated by extinction.
  • The adaptive radiation in a group of organisms that another group of organisms use as a food source.
There are several compelling pieces of scientific evidence that support the occurrence of evolution. Answer the following questions using the choices provided. Each of the following terms may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
The presence of cytochrome P450 in all living organisms, as well as DNA and RNA are examples of this type of evidence for evolution.  
  • Biochemical evidence
  • Analogous structures
  • Biogeography
  • Fossil record
  • Homologous structures
The ability to taste the bitter chemical PTC is inherited as a simple dominant trait. In a population of 1000 biology students, 640 of them are PTC tasters. What proportion of this population are non-tasters?
  • 0.64
  • 0.08
  • 0.06
  • 0.36
  • 0.42
In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles (A and a) that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele A is 0.2.
What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for these allele?
  • $$0.32$$
  • $$4$$
  • $$16$$
  • $$32$$
Which of the following will lead to a change in the allele frequencies of a population? 
  • Members of a population of honeycreepers (birds) are localized to one particular island in Hawaii.
  • Fruit flies in a population mate at random.
  • A population of chipmunks in a forest is separated from other populations of chipmunks by a large grove of trees.
  • A population of rats numbers in the hundreds of millions.
  • A population of squirrels is sharply reduced in size by a parasite.
The wing of a bat and the human arm both possess a radius, an ulna and phalanges. Which of the following mechanism is most responsible for this structural similarity?
  • Divergent evolution
  • Adaptive radiation
  • Directional selection
  • Convergent evolution
  • Stabilizing selection
Scientists have collected data showing that the metabolic process of glycolysis is present in the cells of organisms from all three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya).
This data best supports which of the following hypotheses?
  • The existence of glycolysis in the cells of organisms from all three domains suggests that convergent evolution has occurred.
  • In all three of the domains, organisms produce ATP exclusively through the process of anaerobic respiration.
  • The use of glycolysis as an energy releasing process in the cells of organisms from all three domains suggests a common ancestor for all forms of life.
  • In the cells of organisms from all three domains, glycolysis occurs in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.
 For a particular trait, the frequency of the dominant allele is found to be p = .3.
 What is the frequency of heterozygotes present in this population?
  • 0.21
  • 0.42
  • 0.03
  • 0.07000000000000001
  • 0.49
When environmental change occurs, multiple new niches become available. Organisms in this changing environment will undergo rapid change to fill these new niches.
This process is known as 
  • Diversifying selection
  • Allopatric speciation
  • Adaptive radiation
  • Directional selection
  • Convergent evolution
 Which of the following conditions will result in the D allele frequencies of a population remaining unchanged? 
  • A hurricane wipes out all but a dozen birds in a ovulation of Coastal songbirds.
  • The females of a population of raccoons choose mates based on how many times the potential mate washes his face.
  • Some members of a population of sunflowers are very short and cannot get adequate sunlight
  • A population of Tasmanian Devils is confined to the island nation of New Zealand, and no Devils enter the island or leave it.
  • Both A and D
The Rh factor is a protein found on the surface of blood cells that is used in blood typing. The Rh+ allele codes for the surface protein and is dominant to the Rh- allele, which does not code for the protein.
If there were a change in the environment that greatly reduced the fitness of Rh- individuals, what would you expect to happen to the frequencies of the Rh+ and Rh- alleles?
  • No significant change in the allele frequencies is expected.
  • Rh- alleles will eventually be eliminated from population.
  • The Rh+ allele frequency will increase, while the Rh- frequency will decrease.
  • The Rh- allele frequency will increase, while the Rh+ allele frequency will decrease.
According to the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, which of the following represents the organisms possessing the dominant phenotype in a population? 
  • $$p^2$$
  • $$ 2pq $$
  • $$p^2 + 2pq $$
  • $$ 2pq + q^2$$
  • $$q^2$$
The viceroy butterfly and monarch butterfly are mimics of one another. They both have a similar orange and black pattern on their wings and possess similar wing shapes. Both butterfly species are unpalatable to bird predators, yet both butterflies belong to two different species.
This similar appearance is most likely due to which evolutionary mechanism? 
  • Sympatric speciation
  • Sexual selection
  • Convergent evolution
  • Divergent evolution
  • Allopatric speciation
A population of animals found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium shows that 64% of them possess a dark brown coat. Assume the trait for coat color is inherited through simple dominance, and that dark brown is the dominant trait What is the frequency of the recessive allele in this population?
  • 0.8
  • 0.6
  • 0.2
  • 0.4
  • The frequency cannot be determined from the information given.
An important evidence of organic evolution is
  • Homologous organs only
  • Analogous organs only
  • Both A and B
  • Homologous and vestigial organs
Sewall write effect is also called as
  • Isolation
  • Gene pool
  • Genetic drift
  • Gene flow
All of the following examples provide evidence for evolution except 
  • Humans have a nonfunctional appendix located near the junction of the small intestine and large intestine.
  • The DNA sequence for histone proteins is highly conserved for multiple species.
  • Most marsupials are indigenous to Australia, but marsupial species such as the opossum exist in the Americas and are not closely related to the Australian marsupials.
  • Acquired characteristics, such as the presence of a docked tail in certain dog breeds, can he passed along to offspring.
  • Gill arches are present in all vertebrate species during embryonic development.
Which of the following statements describes a population at genetic equilibrium? 
  • A population in which there are equal numbers of dominant and recessive alleles
  • A population in which allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation
  • A population in which mutations occur causing allele frequencies to remain constant over generations
  • A population in which immigration and emigration cause allele frequencies to remain constant from generation to generation
  • A population in which there is sexual selection
The earth is thought to have formed 4.6 billion years ago. All of the following items describe what conditions may have existed on the early Earth except 
  • An anaerobic atmosphere containing gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen
  • An atmosphere with extremely hot temperatures
  • Photosynthetic blue-green prokaryotes populating the oceans
  • Oceans containing a mixture of inorganic compounds such as ammonia
  • A terrestrial environment with frequent volcanic eruptions
All of the following are conditions under which a Hardy-Weinberg population exist except 
  • The population is extremely small
  • Females choose mates based on a song preference.
  • There are no mutations occurring in the gene pool.
  • Members of the population do not migrate away to other locations.
  • The population is located on an island far from other and masses.
 When females choose mates based on attractiveness of certain characteristics, which condition of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is in violation?
  • Large population
  • No gene flow
  • No mutation
  • No natural selection
  • Random mating
The first organisms on primitive earth were ___________.
  • Autotrophic and anerobic
  • Heterotrophic and anaerobic
  • Heterotrophic and aerobic
  • Aerobic and autotrophic
The ancestors of modern day frogs and salamanders are
  • Jawless fish
  • Coelocanth
  • Icthyophis
  • Amphioxus
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is known to be affected by gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and.
  • Evolution
  • Limiting factors
  • Saltation
  • Natural selection
The formation of two species from one ancestral species is known as
  • Phyletic evolution
  • Divergent evolution
  • Convergent evolution
  • Allopatry
The direct evidence for evolution is
  • Biogeography
  • Anatomy
  • Developmental biology
  • Fossil record
Wings of pigeon, bat and mosquito shows
  • Atavism
  • Convergent evolution
  • Divergent evolution
  • Mutation
Hummingbirds and hummingbird hawk moth describes
  • Convergent evolution
  • Divergent evolution
  • Adaptive radiation
  • None of the above
The most recent and direct pre-historic ancestor is
  • Cro-magnon
  • Neanderthal
  • Pre-neaderthal
  • None of these
In a large isolated population, alleles p and q at a locus are at Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The frequencies are p = 0.6 and q = 0.The proportion of the heterzygous genotype in the population is :
  • 0.24
  • 1
  • 0.48
  • 0.12
Forelimbs of whales, bats, humans and cheetan are examples of which of the following processes?
  • Divergent evolution
  • Convergent evolution
  • Parallel evolution
  • Natural selection
The correct statement about Neanderthal man is:
  • The first human-like hominid
  • Started agriculture
  • Ate meat and walked erectly
  • Buried the dead
Archaeopteryx lived during
  • Cretaceous Period
  • Triassic Period
  • Permian Period
  • Jurassic Period
All of the following are ape-men stages in origin of man except
  • Ramapithecus
  • Kenyapithecus
  • Dryopithecus
  • Australopithecus
Golden era/age of reptiles is
  • Palaeozoic
  • Mesozoic
  • Recent
  • Proterozoic
Darwin's finches represent
  • Morphological variation
  • Geographical isolation
  • Climatic variation
  • Reproductive isolation
Natural history of man is
  • Anthropology
  • Anthology
  • Euthenics
  • Eugenics
How many years are considered in one minute in Geological clock?
  • 190000 years
  • 187500000 years
  • 3125000 years
  • 52000 years
Mammals have evolved from
  • Birds
  • Reptiles
  • Amphibians
  • None of the above
0:0:1


Answered Not Answered Not Visited Correct : 0 Incorrect : 0

Practice Class 12 Medical Biology Quiz Questions and Answers