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CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Biology Human Health And Disease Quiz 13 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 12 Medical Biology
Human Health And Disease
Quiz 13
From which of the given plants is the drug whose skeletal structure given is extracted ?
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Papaver somniferum
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Atropa belladonna
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Cannabis sativa
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Erythroxylum coca
Explanation
The Skeletal structure is of cannabinoid molecule. Which is obtained from
Cannabis sativa
So, the correct answer is
'
Cannabis sativa'
Given below is a pedigree chart showing the inheritance of a certain diseases :
Identify the type of the disease.
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dominant X-linked
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Autosomal dominant
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dominant Y-linked
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Autosomal recessive
Identify the incorrect match for discovery of following vaccines:
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Injectable Polio vaccine : Jonas Salk
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Vaccine against Small box : Edward Jenner
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Rabies vaccine : Rober Koch
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Yellow Fever Vaccine : M. Theiler
Explanation
Rabies, Anthrax and Cholera vaccines were discovered by Louis Pasteur
So, the correct answer is 'Rabies vaccine:Robert Koch'
Identify the incorrect match for autoimmune disease and target organ or tissue:
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - Joints
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Graves Disease - Heart cells
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Addison's disease - adrenal cortex
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Systemic Lupus erythematosus - Kidney, Brain
Identify the given diagram and its effect?
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Cannabinoid - Effects cardiovascular function
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Morphine - CNS depressant
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Cocaine - Euphoria
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Smack - Psychedelic effect
Explanation
The given structure represents cannabinoid.
Cannabinoids are a group of at least 66 biologically active terpene phenols derived from 2-substituted 5-amyl-resorcinol.
Cannabinoid affects cardiovascular function. For example, Acute cannabis consumption has been shown to cause an increase in blood pressure, specifically systolic blood pressure (SBP), and orthostatic hypotension.
Consumption of cannabinoids increases the risk of the miocardial infarction.
Hence cannabinoid affects cardiovascular function.
So, the correct answer is 'Cannabinoid - Effects cardiovascular function'
Vectors can be defined as;
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Animals that carry the infecting agents from an infected individual to another healthy individual.
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Microorganisms which cause many diseases
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Infected person
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Diseased plant
Explanation
Explanation:
A vector is a
living organism that transmits an infectious agent
from an infected animal to a human or another animal. Vectors are frequently arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, flies, fleas and lice.
The disease which last only for a short period of time is called a chronic disease.
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True
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False
Explanation
The disease that lasts for a very short period of time is called acute disease, for example- chickenpox. Chronic diseases last for a very long time.
So, the given statement is 'False'.
Chronic diseases have long-lasting drastic effects on people's health as compared to acute diseases.
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True
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False
Explanation
Chronic diseases last for a long time (Example; Elephantiasis) or even for the entire lifetime Example- Polio and cause permanent damage to the body or may result in death. Acute infections last for a few days and do not cause any permanent damage or death. Example- the common cold.
So, the given statement is 'True'.
Which one of the following is not important for individual health?
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Living in clean space
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Good economic condition
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Social equality and harmony
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Living in a large and well-furnished house
Explanation
Answer:
Living in a well furnished house is regarded an item of luxury or demand but nor need or necessity.
whereas
Living in a a clean space, good economic condition and social equality and harmony is factor responsible for the maintenance of our health.
Social equality and harmony are necessary for individual health.
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True
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False
Explanation
Humans are social animals and as such the society we live in plays an important role in our health. The physical environment is dependent on the social environment.
so, the given statement is 'True'
Viruses, which cause hepatitis, are transmitted through:
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Air
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Water
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Food
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Personal contact
Explanation
Hepititis is the inflammation of the Liver, it is generally caused by viral infection. Hepatitis is of 5 types based on their mode of transmission, symptoms caused, recovery period etc. They are named as Hepatitis A, B, C,D and E respectively. Hepatitis A and E are caused by consumption of contaminated water.
So, the correct answer is '
Water'
Which of the following is molecular disease
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Allergy
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Cancer
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German measeles
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Sickel - cell - anaemia
Explanation
"Cancer" is known as molecular disease.
Vector can be defined as :
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Animals carry the infecting agents from sick person to another healthy person
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Micro-organisms which cause many disease
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Infected person
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Diseased plants
Explanation
Vectors are defined as organisms that carry pathogens from an infected person to a healthy person. The pathogen survives and may also complete a particular stage of its life cycle in the body of the vector without causing any disease to it.
Example, Anopheles, Aedes etc
So, the correct answer is 'A
nimals carry the infecting agents from sick person to another healthy person'
Which of these is an acute disease?
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Common cold
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Elephaniasis
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AIDS
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Jaundice
Explanation
Acute disease can be defined as a disease that occurs suddenly and lasts for a few days.
Hence, from the given options the common cold is an acute disease.
It lasts for a week. Symptoms include cough, headache, fever, etc. It does not have a long-lasting adverse effect on the body.
So, the correct answer is '
Common cold'.
The public health programme of childhood immunisation for preventing infectious diseases include
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antibiotics
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Vaccines
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Medicines
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Blood transfusion
Explanation
The public health programme of child hood immunisation for preventing infectious diseases includes vaccines. These vaccines are given to the child at a designated age or time period after birth to prevent diseases like Polio, Measles, Diphtheria, Tetanus etc. The information regarding the vaccines is provided to the mother/other family members at maternity hospitals, Anganwadi centers and by the members of the self help group.
So, the correct answer is '
Vaccines'
Uncontrollable cell division causes:
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AIDS
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Cancer
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Typhoid
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Cough-cold
Explanation
Uncontrollable cell division causes cancer. Usually the number of divisions a cell undergoes during its life time is controlled by genes. If there occurs a damage to these controlling genes then those cells undergo uncontrolled divisions to form a mass, which is known as cancer.
So, the correct answer is 'Cancer'
Tobacco consumption is known to stimulate secretion of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline. The component causing this could be:
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Nicotine
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Tannic acid
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Curaimin
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Catechin
Explanation
Tobacco is a stimulant and is consumed as cigarettes and eaten as Gutkha, Jarda pan masala etc. Its stimulating effect on the central Nervous System is primarily due to an alkaloid Nicotine. This activates heart rate, increases alertness etc as it stimulates the adrenal gland to release adrenaline. It also acts as a sedative relaxes the mind and reduces anxiety by stimulating the release of nor-adrenaline.
So, the correct answer is '
Nicotine'
Which addictive substance is present in tobacco?
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Caffeine
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Nicotine
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Alcohol
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Opiate
Explanation
Tobacco contains alkaloid Nicotine which on prolonged and indiscriminate use in the form of cigarettes or pan masala leads to addiction and may also cause cancer of the lungs and mouth respectively.
So, the correct answer is '
Nicotine'
The genes causing cancer are:
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Structural genes
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Expressor genes
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Oncogenes
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Regulatory genes
Explanation
The term 'Onco' is related to cancer. Oncogenes are those genes that on expression, causes cancer.
One of the following is not the causal organism for ringworm
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Microsporum
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Trichophyton
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Epidermophyton
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Macrosporum
Explanation
(d)
Macrosporum
- is not the causal organisms for ringworm.
Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
are the organisms that causes different ringworm infections.
The term 'Health' is defined in many ways. The most accurate definition of health
would be:
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Health is the state of body and mind in a balanced condition.
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Health is the reflection of a smiling face.
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Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.
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Health is the symbol of economic prosperity.
Explanation
Even if a person is physically fit, a lack of mental or social wellbeing will hamper the quality of life of an individual.
So, health can be best defined as 'A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being '.
Hence, the correct option is C.
In some animals, the body cavity is not completely lined by mesoderm instead, the mesoderm is present as scattered pouches in between the ectoderm and endoderm. Such animals are called:
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Acoelomate
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Pseudocoelomate
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Coelomate
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Schizocoelomate
Explanation
$$\textbf{Correct option: (B)}$$
$$\textbf{Explanation for correct option:}$$
$$\bullet$$
Pseudocoelomates are those animals in which the body cavity is not lined completely by mesoderm,
instead the mesoderm is present as scattered pouches in between the ectoderm and endoderm.
Pseudocoelom is also called as 'false coelom'.
Example includes animals of phylum a
schelminthes.
$$\textbf{Explanation for incorrect options:}$$
$$\bullet$$ Organisms which
do not have a true body cavity or coelom are called acoelomates. Example
include animals of
phylum platyhelminthes
$$\bullet$$
A true coelom is a body cavity that is lined by mesoderm on all/ both the sides. Organisms having true coelom are called coelomates. Example include animals of phylum annelida
$$\bullet$$ In schizocoelomates
t
he body cavity or coelom originates from the splitting up of mesoderm. One part attaches to ectoderm and the other surrounds the endoderm.
Example
include animals of
phylum arthropoda
The germ causing Hepatitis is transmitted through:
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The bite of a mosquito.
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Contamination of food by a housefly.
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Personal contact with a patient.
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Contaminated water.
Explanation
Hepatitis A is an infectious viral disease transmitted through contaminated water.
So, the correct answer '
Contaminated water.'
Infectious diseases can be prevented by:
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Medicines
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Proper food
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Vaccination
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Exercise
Explanation
Immunization is a process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination.
Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism (antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body.
Although a proper balanced diet, light exercises, and medicines also help to make the immune system strong but vaccination provides specific immunity against any infectious disease.
So, the correct answer is option C.
A person who is disease free is always healthy.
Is the above statement true or false?
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True
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False
Explanation
Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being. Health does not simply mean ‘absence of disease’ or ‘physical
fitness’.
Hence the statement is false.
Social equality is essential for health.
Is the above statement true or false?
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True
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False
Explanation
We need to be happy in order to be truly healthy, and if we mistreat each other and are afraid of each other, we cannot be happy or healthy. Social equality and harmony are therefore necessary for individual health.
Hence the statement is true.
Disease-free state is a state a physical, social and mental well being.
Is the above statement true or false?
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True
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False
Explanation
The given statement is false. The state of physical, mental, and social well-being is called health. Disease-free indicates only the absence of a disease but not being healthy.
Health depends on which of the following factor?
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Physical
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Social
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Mental
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All of the above
Explanation
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases. One can be considered to be in a state of positive health when his/her surrounding conditions provide him/her a healthy environment.
Thus, Option D is correct.
Antigen is ________.
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Sugar
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Aromatic
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Nucleic acid
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Protein
Explanation
Antigens are large molecular weight proteins and sometimes polysaccharides present on the exposed surface of the cell membrane. These are recognition molecules for antibodies.
So, the correct answer is options A and D.
Match column I with column II.
Column I
Column II
a)
Epidermophyton
i)
Amoebiasis
b)
Entamoeba histolytica
ii)
Pneumonia
c)
Haemophilus influenzae
iii)
Filariasis
d)
Wuchereria malaya
iv)
Tinea corporis
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a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii
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a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
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a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv
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a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i
Explanation
Ringworm or tinea corporis is caused by fungus
Epidermophyton.
Amoebiasis or amoebic dysentery is an intestinal infection caused by protozoan
Entamoeba histolytica.
Haemophilus influenzae
is a gram- negative bacillus that causes Pneumonia.
Various species of
Wuchereria, W. brucii. W. Bancrofti
and
W. malaya
causes elephantiasis or Filariasis. These nematodes infect the lymphatic nodes.
So, the correct answer is '
a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii'
Health depends on
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Cleanliness
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Social equality
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Work and money
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All of these
Explanation
Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social well being. Hence cleanliness, social equality and harmony, and the oppurtunity to work to earn money for buying food are all integral components of health.
Hence the correct option is D.
Which of the following depends on not only the individual but also on the community?
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Health
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Disease
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Both A and B
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None of these
Explanation
Health of an individual depends on himself, his environment and the society in which he lives. On the other hand, disease is the abnormality in the body functioning of the individual.
Hence the correct option is A.
The health of an organism depends upon the surrounding environmental conditions. This statement is _____.
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True
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False
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Data insufficient
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Ambiguous
Explanation
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases.
One can be considered to be in a state of positive health when his/her surrounding conditions provide him/her a healthy environment.
Unhygienic conditions like sewage, domestic water, garbage, toxic substances, and harmful gases pollute the surrounding environment which may cause several diseases and disorders that ultimately deteriorate the health of a person.
Thus, option A is correct.
Health is defined as ___________.
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State of complete physical, mental and social well being
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Absence of disease or infirmity
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Losing of body weight
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Increase in body weight
Mosquitoes and ticks are examples of organisms that can spread disease. These types of organisms are referred to as?
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Vectors
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Pathogens
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Both A and B
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Carrier
Explanation
A vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another. For instance, species of mosquitoes and ticks serve as vectors. Example -
Anopheles
mosquito transmits malaria pathogen
Plasmodium.
The pathogen is the disease-causing organism.
A carrier, example cockroach transmits pathogen from one source to another but has no role in the developmental life cycle of the pathogen as vectors.
Thus, option A is correct.
Which one of the following is not important for individual health?
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Living in unclean places
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Bad economic conditions
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Living in a large and well-furnished house
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All of the above
Explanation
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Individual Health is a state of good social, physical and mental state. living in large and well-furnished house is not important unless it have cleanliness good social environment and harmony.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
In
Ascaris
, 3$$^{rd}$$ moulting takes place in
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Intestine
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Lung
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Liver
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Egg
Explanation
Ascaris lumbricoides
is one of the most common enterozoic parasites of the man living in the small intestine (jejunum).
In
Ascaris
, first moulting takes place in soil, second in the intestine, third and fourth in lungs.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Which of the following cell is affected by HIV virus in AIDS patient?
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CytotoxicT-cell
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M-N cell
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Suppressor cells
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Helper T-cells
Explanation
HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically $$CD_4^+$$ T cells or T-4 lymphocytes), macrophages and dendritic cells.
The T helper cells are a type of T-cell that plays an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system. They help the activity of other immune cells by releasing T cell cytokines. Towards the end of an HIV infection, the number of functional CD4+ T cells falls, which leads to the symptomatic stage of infection called as AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).
So, the correct answer is '
Helper T-cells'
The most commonly used marker enzyme in clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer is
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Amylase
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Alkaline phosphatase
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GTPase
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Acid phosphatase
Explanation
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is an enzyme produced by the prostate. It is found in men, who have prostate cancer. So, this PAP is used to monitor and assess progression of prostate cancer.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Ascaris
has three lips
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One median dorsal and two ventrolateral
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All dorsal
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Two lateral and one ventral
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Two dorso-lateral and one median ventral
Explanation
Ascaris
belongs to the group of nematodes. This organism has three lips. There is
one lip which is arranged as median dorsal and there are two lips which are arranged in the venterolateral position.
There are sensory papillae in the lips.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Passive immunization was first developed by
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Robert Koch
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L. Pasteur
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Robert Hooke
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Emil von Behring and Kitasato
Explanation
Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another. Passive immunity can occur naturally when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta or can be induced artificially, when high levels of human antibodies specific for a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune individuals.
Emil Adolf von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburo discovered the antitoxin-based immunity to diphtheria and tetanus and antitoxin became the first major success of modern therapeutic immunology.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Cysticerci in pig muscles can remain viable upto
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One year
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Six months
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Six years
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One month
Explanation
Cycticerci remains alive for 5-6 years and is then calcified by the host pig.
Single cysticercus is spherical, measuring 1–2 cm in diameter, and contains an invaginated protoscolex. The central space is filled with fluid like a bladder
, hence it is also called bladder worm. Cysticerci are usually formed within 70 days and may continue to grow for a year. Hence, the correct answer is option C.
The anterior V-spot in microfilmed of
Wuchereria
represents
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Nerve ring
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Cervical Papillae
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Excretory system
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Reproductive system
Explanation
Wuchereria bancrofti
infects the lymphatic system, causes lymphatic filariasis throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Here, females can produce thousands of juveniles and are known as microfilariae. These can retain egg membrane as a sheath. About the midway along the length, of these microfilaria, there is an anterior V-spot which represents the rudimentary excretory system. Posterior V-spot represents cloaca or anal pore.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Choose the wrong statement.
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HIV virus has RNA as its genetic material.
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HIV virus replicates in TH lymphocytes.
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Anti-retroviral drugs are only partially effective for AIDS treatment.
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HIV spreads by sexual contact or sharing needle with the infected person and not by mere touch of physical contact.
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The time-lag between the infection and appearance of AIDS symptom may vary from few hours to a week.
Explanation
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the RNA-containing virus belong to the retrovirus. It targets the immune system especially TH cells, where they replicate. As the virus destroys and impairs the function of immune cells, infected individuals gradually become immunodeficient. It is transmitted from infected to healthy man through body fluid by sexual contact or sharing a needle with an infected person. The symptoms of HIV vary depending on the stage of infection. Though people living with HIV tend to be most infectious in the first few months, many are unaware of their status until later stages. The first few weeks after initial infection, individuals may experience no symptoms or an influenza-like illness including fever, headache, rash or a sore throat. It can be treated by using the anti-retroviral drug which is partially effective. Hence, the correct answer is option E.
Drugs that cause malformation in embryo during pregnancy are called as
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Tranquillizers
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Teratogens
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Alcoholic beverages
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Nicotin
Explanation
Some drugs cause foetal abnormalities, when given to a pregnant women. These are called teratogens. The most well-known synthetic teratogen is thalidomide.
The chemical component of Valium is
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Benzodiazepin
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Diaminocarboxylic acid
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Ascorbic acid
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All of the above
Explanation
Valium is a benzodiazepine. It is the trademark for the preparation of diazepam. It affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety. It is used to treat anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, or muscle spasms.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Chenopodium oil is most successfully used for the expulsion of
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Tape worm
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Liver flukes
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Flat worms
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Round worms
Explanation
Chenopodium
is the genus of the annual flowering plant with medicinal importance. The oil extracted from this plant is called as chenopodium oil, every active anthelmintic. It is frequently used for the expulsion of
Lumbricoid
(roundworms), especially in children.
Tay Sach's disease is caused by deficiency is
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Hexosaminidase
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Glucocerebrosidase
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Galactocerebrosidase
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Ceramidase
Opium, morphine, heroin, pethidine and methadone are collectively called
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Tranquillizers
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Stimulants
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Hallucinogens
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Opiate narcotics
Explanation
Opiates are powerful painkillers and are made of opium, a white liquid in the poppy plant. Opiates produce a quick, intense feeling of pleasure followed by a sense of well-being and calm.
These include heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone, oxycontin etc.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Assertion : Nematodes and tunicates show auxetic growth.
Reason : In these animals, growth occurs only by increases in size of cells and not number of cells.
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Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is a correct explanation of Assertion
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Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not a correct explanation of Assertion
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Assertion is true but Reason is false
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Both Assertion and Reason are false
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Assertion is false but reason is true.
Explanation
In the Auxetic category of growth, the volume of the body increases due to the growth of body cells in their size without any change in the number of cells. It involves only cell growth and no cell reproduction. It is a rare type of growth and is found in a few nematodes (Ascaris), rotifers, tunicates (Herdmania) etc.
So the correct option is A.
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