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CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Biology Human Health And Disease Quiz 6 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 12 Medical Biology
Human Health And Disease
Quiz 6
Sexual dimorphism is found in
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Pheretima
0%
Amoeba
0%
Ascaris
0%
All of the above
Explanation
Sexual dimorphism is a phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species.
Of the given options, Ascaris exhibits sexual dimorphism where male and female are phenotypically different.
Thus,
the correct answer is option (C).
Health of an organism depends upon the surrounding environmental conditions.
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True
0%
False
Explanation
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases. One can be considered to be in a state of positive health when his surrounding conditions provide him a healthy environment.
Unhygienic conditions like sewage, domestic water, garbage, toxic substances, and harmful gases pollute the surrounding environment which may cause several diseases and psyche disorders that ultimately deteriorates the health of a person.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Mass scale immunization is still going on
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Polio
0%
AIDS
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Typhoid
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Both polio and AIDS
Which one of the following is attacked by HIV virus?
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Red-blood cell
0%
White-blood cells
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Liver cell
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Long cell
Name group of diseases that last only for short period of time.
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Acute diseases
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Epidemic diseases
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Seasonal epidemic diseases
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Chronic diseases
List the names of chemicals whose biomagnification result in following diseases in human -
(i) Minamata disease
(ii) Itai Itai disease
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(i) Mercury
(ii) Cadmium
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(i) Copper
(ii) Mercury
0%
(i) Mercury
(ii) Calcium
0%
(i) Cadmium
(ii) Copper
Cyanosis refers to
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Bluish colouration of the body.
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Reddish colouration of the body.
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Pale colouration of the body.
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Goose flesh of the body.
Explanation
Cyanosis is a condition in which there is bluish and purplish colouration of body due to lack of oxygen in the tissues near the skin surface. There is formation of deoxyhaemoglobin due to lack of oxygen in the blood.
So, the correct answer is 'Bluish colouration of the body'.
Allergens are
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Infectious and increase the secretion of IgE
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Non-infectious and increase the secretions of lgE
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Infectious and increase the secretion of IgG
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Non-infectious and increase the secretion of IgM
In retroviruses, RNA dependent DNA polymerase synthesizes
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DNA
0%
RNA
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RNA-DNA
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None of the above
Explanation
RNA retroviruses have reverse transcriptase enzyme that synthesizes a DNA copy (cDNA) of viral RNA. The cDNA is enzymatically converted into a DNA-DNA double helix and is integrated into the host chromosome. After integration, cDNA is transcribed into copies of the viral RNA, which are both
translated and packaged into new viral particles that are
released from the cell to repeat the infection process.
Leukaemia is a cancer caused due to
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Excessive production of WBCs
0%
Excessive production of RBCs
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Excessive production of platelets
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All of the above
Explanation
Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming cells. Leukaemia usually causes large numbers of white blood cells to be made. These abnormal cells usually cannot carry out the normal functions of white blood cells. They crowd the bone marrow and spill into the blood and may then spread into organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Sometimes, they may also spread into the fluid around the brain and spinal cord. Because there are so many abnormal white cells crowded into the bone marrow, the marrow sometimes cannot make enough normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
The inflammatory response in an allergy is caused by the release one of the following by mast cells.
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Histamines
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Antibodies
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Antigen
0%
None of the above
Explanation
Histamine is a nitrogenous compound that acts as a neurotransmitter and involved in local immune responses i.e., inflammatory response. When the pathogen enters into the body, as part of an immune response to foreign pathogens, histamine is produced by basophils and by mast cells found in nearby connective tissues. Histamine increases the permeability of the capillaries to white blood cells and some proteins to allow them to engage pathogens in the infected tissues.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Infection of
Ascaris
usually occurs by
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Drinking water containing eggs of
Ascaris
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Eating imperfectly cooked port
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Tse-tse fly
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Mosquito bite
Explanation
Infection of
Ascaris
(one species of roundworms) results in ascariasis. Ascariasis occurs when the eggs that have been excreted in human feces and ingestion of drinking water or consuming uncooked food contaminated by soil containing eggs of
Ascaris
.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Temin worked on which of the following virus?
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Rhinovirus
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Dengue virus
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Herpes virus
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Retrovirus
Explanation
H. Temin and D. Baltimore showed that the retroviruses namely Rous sarcoma virus and the AIDS virus can make an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that synthesizes a DNA copy (cDNA) of viral RNA. The cDNA is made into double stranded molecule which is integrated into host genome where it is replicated and transcribed with host DNA; the topsy curvy path of flow of genetic information, i.e., RNA-DNA-RNA-protein. The enzyme was termed as reverse transcriptase. Rhinovirus, dengue virus and herpes viruses are not retroviruses and follow the linear path of flow of genetic information DNA-RNA-protein
So, the correct answer is '
Retrovirus'
Excessive exposure of human to UV rays results in:
(i) Damage to immune system
(ii) Damage to lungs
(iii) Skin cancer
(iv) Peptic Ulcers
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(i) and (ii)
0%
(ii) and (iv)
0%
(i) and (iii)
0%
(iii) and (iv)
Explanation
Harmful U.V rays are sufficient enough to cause skin cancer and damage the immune system of human body.
So, the correct answer is (C).
Phylum Nemathelminthes includes these very common organisms, some of which are parasitic and most of which are often found in soil. Which of the following is it?
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Segmented worms
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Flatworms
0%
Earthworms
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Roundworms
Explanation
Phylum Nemathelminthes comprises of animals commonly called as nematodes or roundworms. They are the parasite as they derive nutrients from the host and causes infection to the host organism. They either transmitted through contaminated food or water from soil containing roundworm or directly attached to the skin. Roundworm includes Ascaris, hookworm, pinworm etc. whereas earthworm, a segmented worm lives in soil but are decomposers. Flatworms are the pond water parasite. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Which one of the following cavities is found in
Nemathelminthes
?
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Pseudocoelom
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Coelenteron
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Spongocoel
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Coelom
Explanation
The presence or absence of body cavity between the wall of the body and the wall of the gut. If the body cavity is lined by mesoderm layer, it called as coelom and animal called as coelomate e.g., annelids, arthropods, molluscs etc. If the body cavity is not lined by mesoderm but present in mesoderm in the form of scattered pouch is called as pseudocoelom and animal called as pseudocoelomate e.g., Aschelminthes or Nemathelminthes or nematodes.
If the body cavity is absent called as acoelom and animal called as acoelomate e.g., Platyhelminthes.
Female
Ascaris
can be distinguished from male by
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Straight posterior part
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Pineal setae
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Shorter in size
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Cloaca
Explanation
Ascaris are the unisexual and shows sexual dimorphism. The male worm measure 12-23 cms in length and 3-4 mm in diameter. The tail (posterior end) is curved ventrally in the form of a hook, with a conical tip. Whereas the female worm is longer and stouter than males measuring 25-49cms in length and 5mm in diameter. The tail ( posterior end ) is straight and blunt. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Male and female Ascaris respectively have
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Two testes and two ovaries
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Two testes and one ovary
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One testis and two ovaries
0%
One testis and one ovary
Explanation
Ascaris belongs to nematodes and is unisexual.
Females are usually wider around and 20-40 cm long, while males are usually thinner and grow to be 15-30 cm long.
Female worms are straight posterior end while males are hooked.
Male Ascaris is monarchic, possessing a single testis which is long, thin and highly twisted tube-like structure while female Ascaris is didelphic i.e., it has two ovaries two oviducts and two uterus. Each ovary is a long, thin thread-like much-twisted tube.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
In male
Ascaris
, genital pore and anus:
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Open through small pores present on the integument
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Open into genital atrium
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Open separately
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Open into cloaca
Explanation
Reproductive system of
Ascaris
:
Sexes are separate, readily distinguishable by the tail and cloaca.
Male reproductive organs are testis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and penial setae.
The testis is a long, thread-like, coiled tube that continues distally into a short and thick vas deferens.
The vas deferens joins posteriorly with a straight tube called seminal vesicle, which narrows at its posterior end to form a short but muscular ejaculatory duct which opens into the cloaca.
Dorsal to the cloaca is a pair of penial sacs that contain a pair of spicules or penial setae, which serve in copulation.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Filariasis is is caused by a type of
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Roundworm
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Protozoan
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Insect
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Tapeworm
Explanation
Wuchereria bancrofti
is the organism which causes filariasis in humans. This is a roundworm. The parasite completes its life cycle in two hosts. The humans serve as their definitive host. The culex mosquitoes are the intermediate host. The disease is transmitted with the help of culex mosquitoes.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Which of the following is caused by a helminth worm?
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Polio
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Filariasis
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Tuberculosis
0%
Malaria
Explanation
Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms belong to Nenathelminthes. These are spread by culex mosquitoes.
Wuchereria bancrofti
is transmitted by
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Tsetse fly
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Anopheles
mosquito
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Culex
mosquito
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Sandfly
Explanation
Wuchereria bancrofti
is the organism which causes filariasis in humans. The parasite completes its life cycle in two hosts. The humans serve as their definitive host. The culex mosquitoes are the intermediate host. The organism transmits the disease with the help of culex mosquitoes.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Female gential pore of Ascaris is situated
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In the middle part of body
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About 1/3 distance from the anterior end of the body midventrally
0%
About 1/3 distance from the posterior end of the middorsally
0%
At the posterior terminal end
Explanation
Female reproductive organs consist of ovaries, oviducts, uteri and vagina. Ovaries are long, thread-like and highly twisted and lead to broader oviducts. Each oviduct continues into still broader and muscular uterus. The first part of uterus serves as seminal receptacle where sperms are stored and fertilization occurs. The two uteri unite and open into a short median, muscular vagina that opens by a transverse gonopore to the outside. It is
situated about 1/3 distance from the anterior end of the body
midventral
.
Which of the following system are well-developed in parasitic animals?
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Digestive system
0%
Respiratory system
0%
Reproductive system
0%
All of the above
Explanation
A parasite remains in close contact with its host. It depends on the host for its food and is unable to live a free life for a very long. Hence, they have lost their power of locomotion, their sense organs are reduced, their gut may be reduced or absent. Hence their digestive and respiratory systems will be underdeveloped.
The reproductive system is usually well developed in the parasites. In order to survive, they inject into the new host and reproduce vigorously. The greater the number of offspring the better is the chance of host infection.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Antigen is a substance which
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Lowers body temperature
0%
Destroys harmful bacteria
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Triggers the immune system
0%
Is used as antidote to poison
A patient suffering from a chronic disease
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Suffers from disease for a very long period
0%
Has abrupt attack of disease
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Suffers from disease for short period
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Both B and C
Explanation
A chronic condition is a severe disturbance in the metabolism of the body which is long lasting. The term chronic is usually applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months. Such chronic disease cannot be cured easily.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
The artificial stimulation of resistance to diseases is called
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Embolism
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Immunisation
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Sterilisation
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All of the above
Explanation
Embolism
is the blockage in the blood vessel due to a clot or obstruction by a foreign particle. It decreases the flow of the blood and causes fatal consequences.
Immunisation
is the process of inoculating the live or killed virus which activates the immune response towards the harmful pathogen. The suspension of microorganisms is heated to remove the virulence so they do not cause the disease but antibodies are released in response to the pathogen.
Sterilization
is the process by which harmful pathogenic microorganisms are killed to avoid contamination. Heating, fumigation, and chemical treatment are some of the important methods of sterilization.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Interleukin which is recently discovered, is a cure for
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Arthritis
0%
Diabetes
0%
Cancer
0%
Influenza
Explanation
Interleukin are small proteins that are produced by a variety of cell types, especially T cells and other white blood cells, that regulate many aspects of inflammation and the immune response, including stimulating the production of white blood cells and platelets. The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency. The majority of interleukins are synthesized by helper CD4 T lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells. They promote the development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes and hematopoietic cells.
Interleukin
may be used to combat some forms of cancer.
Elephantaisis is caused by
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Trichinella
0%
Ancyclostoma
0%
Wuchereria
0%
Rhabditis
Explanation
Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis because it
characterized
by the swelling of limbs which appears like limbs of the elephant. It is caused by the parasitic filarial worms
Wuchereria bancrofti
and transmitted by the culex mosquito.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
The disease filariasis is caused by the worm
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0%
Wuchereria bancrofti
0%
Ancylostoma duodenale
0%
Trichinella spiralis
0%
Enterobius vermicularis
Explanation
Wuchereria bancrofti
is a human parasitic roundworm that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. It infects the lymphatic system and blocks the flow of lymph that leads to the swelling of limbs which appears like elephant limbs and thus called as elephantiasis.
Which of the following diseases is caused by a nematode?
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Leprosy
0%
Filariasis
0%
Amoebiasis
0%
Poliomyelitis
Explanation
Filariasis is caused by thread-like filarial nematodes (roundworms)
Wuchereria bancrofti.
They infect the lymphatic vessels and block the flow of lymph that leads to the swelling of limbs which appears like a limb of elephant and thus called as elephantiasis. It can be transmitted by culex mosquito.
Leukaemia is due to
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Excessive production of RBC
0%
Excessive production of WBC
0%
Less production of RBC
0%
Less production of WBC
Explanation
Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming cells.
Leukaemia usually causes large numbers of white blood cells to be made.
These abnormal cells usually can't carry out the normal functions of white blood cells.
They crowd the bone marrow and spill into the blood and may then spread into organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys.
Sometimes, they may also spread into the fluid around the brain and spinal cord.
Because there are so many abnormal white cells crowded into the bone marrow, the marrow sometimes can't make enough normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Thus, option B is correct.
Worm causing elephantiasis
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0%
Round worms
0%
Ring worms
0%
Pin worms
0%
Filarial worms
Explanation
Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis because it characterised by the swelling of limbs which appears like limbs of the elephant. It is caused by the parasitic filarial worms and transmitted by the culex mosquito.
Which of the following worms enters the intestine by penetrating through the skin?
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Hookworm
0%
Tapeworm
0%
Threadworm
0%
Ringworm
Explanation
Hookworm females produce about 10,000-20,000 eggs per day in the small intestine of an infected person which then pass to the soil through feces. In the soil, they incubate and the immature larva is hatched out from the egg. Once they get mature develops hook-like structure. If exposed to human skin they attached with the skin through hook and penetrates into the blood.
Leukaemia, a cancer is due to
Report Question
0%
Excessive production of WBCs
0%
Excessive production of RBCs
0%
Less production of platelets
0%
Less production of WBCs
Explanation
Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming cells. Leukaemia usually causes large numbers of white blood cells to be made. These abnormal cells usually can't carry out the normal functions of white blood cells. They crowd the bone marrow and spill into the blood and may then spread into organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Sometimes, they may also spread into the fluid around the brain and spinal cord. Because, there are so many abnormal white cells crowded into the bone marrow, the marrow sometimes can't make enough normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
A non-specific immunity is
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Passive immunity
0%
Active immunity
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Auto immunity
0%
Innate immunity
Explanation
Innate immunity refers to non-specific defense mechanisms that are present in the human body by birth to protect against the antigen. These mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood and immune system cells that attack foreign cells in the body.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Leukaemia a cancer is due to
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0%
Excessive production of WBCs
0%
Excessive production of RBCs
0%
Excessive production of platelet
0%
All of the above
Explanation
Leukaemia is a cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow where blood cells are made.
Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming cells. Leukaemia usually causes large numbers of white blood cells to be made.
These abnormal cells usually can't carry out the normal functions of white blood cells. They crowd the bone marrow and spill into the blood and may then spread into organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Sometimes, they may also spread into the fluid around the brain and spinal cord.
Because, there are so many abnormal white cells crowded into the bone marrow, the marrow sometimes can't make enough normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Filariasis is known as elephantiasis because
Report Question
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Infection mainly seen in elephants
0%
Elephants are secondary hosts
0%
Excessive enlargement of body parts like legs of elephants
0%
Excessive enlargement of teeth
Explanation
Wuchereria bancrofti
is a human parasitic roundworm that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. It infects the lymphatic system and blocks the flow of lymph that leads to the swelling of limbs which appears like elephant limbs and thus called as elephantiasis.
What is diapedesis?
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A kind of amoeboid movement
0%
Process of coming out of WBC through the capillary wall to fight against foreign micro-organism
0%
A type of locomotion found in hydra
0%
The process of filtration of urea in kidney
Elephantiasis is transmitted by
Report Question
0%
Housefly
0%
Mosquito
0%
Bedbug
0%
Fruit fly
Explanation
Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, transmitted by female mosquitoes. When an infected female mosquito bites a person, she may inject the worm larvae into the bloodstream. Therefore infection occurs when filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. So, the correct answer is option is B.
Pigs get infected with Taenia by swallowing
Report Question
0%
Human faeces
0%
Human faeces with embryophores
0%
Human faeces with hexacanth
0%
Human faeces with onchospheres
Which among the following diseases is not sexually transmitted ?
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Syphilis
0%
Hepatitis
0%
HIV-AIDS
0%
Gonorrhea
Explanation
Hepatitis is the infection which results in the inflammation of the liver. Generally, the hepatitis virus is the reason for this condition. This disease is not transmitted sexually. Syphilis, HIV-AIDS and Gonorrhea are the sexually transmitted diseases which get transferred from the infected person during intercourse.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
What is measly pork?
Report Question
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The flesh of dead pig
0%
The cooked flesh of pig
0%
The cooked flesh of infected pig
0%
The flesh of living pig
Explanation
Taenia solium
is a pathogen that causes Taeniasis. It enters the human body due to consumption of uncooked or incompletely cooked pork of an infected pig also called measly pork.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Health is defined as _______________.
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A state of complete physical well-being
0%
A state of complete mental well-being
0%
A state of complete social well-being
0%
All of these
Explanation
According to WHO: “Health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Thus, the correct answer is (D).
Which of the following disease does not have a vaccine?
Report Question
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Cholera
0%
Typhoid
0%
Cold
0%
Polio
Explanation
Rhinoviruses are the causative agent of a vaccine. There are no vaccines against these viruses as there is little-to-no cross-protection between serotypes. At least 99 serotypes of human rhinoviruses affecting humans have been found. It is just too difficult for scientists to make a vaccine that protects against all of the strains of rhinovirus.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Chronic disease means it
Report Question
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Lasts for a long time
0%
Occurs from the time of birth
0%
Lasts for a short time
0%
Both B and C
Explanation
A chronic condition is a condition where the metabolism of the body is severely disturbed and it lasts for a longer duration.
They maybe present from birth.
Common chronic diseases include arthritis, asthma, cancer, COPD, diabetes, and viral diseases such as hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Virus which causes hepatitis A is transmitted through
Report Question
0%
Air
0%
Water
0%
Food
0%
Both B and C
Explanation
Hepatitis A is a foodborne disease. The pathogen attacks the liver. It can be prevented by a vaccine. It is a contagious disease. It travels in feces, and can spread from person to person, or can be contracted from food or water.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Which of the following diseases are classified as acute diseases?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Cancer
C. Common cold
D. Viral fever
The correct one is
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0%
B and C
0%
B and D
0%
A and B
0%
C and D
Explanation
The acute diseases develop suddenly and last for a short time for few days or week. Examples of acute diseases are viral fever, pneumonia and common cold.
The chronic disease develop slowly and require a longer term treatment. Examples of chronic diseases are tuberculosis, cancer, and diabetes.
So, the correct answer is option D.
The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body is known as
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0%
Metamorphosis
0%
Metastsis
0%
Metagenesis
0%
Metamerism
Explanation
Metastasis, or metastatic disease, is the spread of a cancer disease from one organ or part to another not directly connected with it. Metastasis depends on the cancer cells acquiring two separate abilities -- increased motility and invasiveness. Cells that metastasize are basically of the same kind as those in the original tumor. If a cancer arises in the lung and metastasizes to the liver, the cancer cells in the liver are lung cancer cells. However, the cells have acquired increased motility and the ability to invade another organ.
Pigs get infected with Taenia by swallowing
Report Question
0%
Human faeces with eggs
0%
Human
faeces with embryophores
0%
Human
faeces with hexacanth
0%
Human
faeces with onchospheres
Explanation
If a human gets infected with tapeworm, it's faeces contains tapeworm eggs. If such infected human faeces are consumed by pigs, then they too get infected with tapeworm infection.
So, option D is the correct answer.
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