Explanation
$$\textbf{Correct option:A}$$
$$\textbf{Solution:}$$
$$\textbf{Option (A)}$$
$$\bullet$$ AI stands for artificial insemination .When the male partner is incapable of inseminating or when the sperm count is too low,semen is collected from a healthy donor or from the husband and introduced artificially inside the vagina of the female partner.
$$\textbf{Option (B)}$$
$$\bullet$$ Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection is a practice in which sperm is collected from the husband or male donor which is injected directly inside the cytosol of the ovum collected from the wife.
$$\textbf{Option (C) and (D)}$$
$$\bullet$$ IVF stands for in vitro fertilization. In this process,ovum is collected from the wife or healthy female donor and semen is collected from the husband or healthy male donor ,and these gametes are fused to form a zygote outside the body in test tube in almost similar conditions as that found in the female body.
$$\textbf{Hence, the correct option is (A)}$$
$$\textbf{Correct option:B}$$
$$\bullet$$ GIFT stands for gamete intra uterine transfe. In this practice sperm is collected from a healthy donor or husband and unfertilized egg from a healthy female donor or wife and transferred inside the fallopian tube where they fuses naturally in vivo.This process is expensive but the results are better than IVF ,it requires a healthy fallopian tube.
$$\bullet$$ When the zygote produced in vitro after the fusion of collected gametes is let to divide several times to create 8 blastomeres ,at this stage it is transferred to the fallopian tube this is known as ZIFT (zygote intra fallopian transfer ).
$$\textbf{Option (C)}$$
$$\bullet$$ Intrauterine transfer is when the zygote divides to produce more than 8 blastomeres stage, then it is directly transferred to the uterus.
$$\textbf{Hence, the correct option is (B)}$$
A.Correct option D
B.Explanation for the correct option:
1. ZIFT is opted by the women who have blocked fallopian tubes , who are of advanced maternal age, male infertility are one of the reason behind it.
2. The process involves monitoring and stimulating a person's ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova from their ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory.
3. ZIFT i.e., the zygote formed in the laboratory glass vessels is introduced in the fallopian tube of the mother.
4. It is also called as in vitro fertilisation.
So the correct option is ' zygote intra fallopian transfer(ZIFT) '.
Common methods of ART include:
1. In vitro fertilization (IVF) - Fertilization outside of the body. IVF is the most effective ART. It is often used when a woman’s fallopian tubes are blocked or when a man produces too few sperm. Doctors treat the woman with a drug that causes the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. Once mature, the eggs are removed from the woman. They are put in a dish in the lab along with the man’s sperm for fertilization. After 3 to 5 days, healthy embryos are implanted in the woman’s uterus.
2. Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or Tubal Embryo Transfer is similar to IVF- Fertilization occurs in the laboratory. Then the very young embryo is transferred to the fallopian tube instead of the uterus.
3. Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) involves transferring eggs and sperm into the woman’s fallopian tube. So fertilization occurs in the woman’s body. Few practices offer GIFT as an option.
4. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is often used for couples in which there are serious problems with the sperm. Sometimes it is also used for older couples or for those with failed IVF attempts. In ICSI, a single sperm is injected into a mature egg. Then the embryo is transferred to the uterus or fallopian tube.
ART procedures sometimes involve the use of donor eggs (eggs from another woman), donor sperm, or previously frozen embryos. Donor eggs are sometimes used for women who can not produce eggs. Also, donor eggs or donor sperm is sometimes used when the woman or man has a genetic disease that can be passed on to the baby.
So, the correct answer is “Both A and B”.
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