CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Biology Strategies For Enhancement In Food Production Quiz 5 - MCQExams.com

$$\textbf{Correct option: }$$ A

$$\textbf{ Solution: }$$

$$\textbf{ Option (a): }$$

$$\bullet$$Totipotency is defined as the ability of a single cell to divide and produce into the cell which can perform different functions due to differentiation.

$$\textbf{ Option (b): }$$

$$\bullet$$Gene cloning is the technique used for generating multiple copies of a particular gene. 

$$\bullet$$This particular gene of interest is located and copied or cloned from the DNA mixture extracted from the organism. 

$$\bullet$$It is carried out to obtain gene products in larger quantities.

$$\textbf{ Option (c): }$$

$$\bullet$$The method of biological research which allows the transfer of  fragments of tissue from an animal or plant into an artificial environment for development and survival is considered as tissue culture. 

$$\textbf{ Option (d): }$$

$$\bullet$$Regeneration is the natural process  of reviving the damaged cells naturally. 

$$\bullet$$It makes all the plants and animal tissue functional again. 

Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

• During growing period, they require sufficient space to avoid overcrowding enabling proper growth.
• Chickens in overcrowded sheds lack exercise, are disturbed while they are resting, have less and less space to move as they grow larger.
  

• Intraspecific hybridisation is the cross between two different varieties of the same species.
• Interspecific hybridisation is the cross between two different varieties of two different species of the same genus.

• Tissue culture is basically the growth in an artificial medium of cells derived from living tissue. This is facilitated via the use of liquid, semi-solid or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. 
• Different techniques in plant tissues culture may offer certain advantages of our traditional advantageous method of propagation, which includes the production of exact copies of plants that produce desirable products, quickly producing nature plants, from plant cell that have modified genetically, the production of multiplies of plats, the regeneration of the whole plant from plant cell that have modified genetically, the production of plants in sterile containers that allows them to be moved avoiding risks, the production of plants from seeds with less germinating and growing capacity .i.e orchids and Nepenthes, etc. 
• Explants far this can be taken from many different parts of a plant including portions of shoots, leaves, stems, flower roots, single undifferentiated cells and from many types of mature cells. The types of tissue culture include seed culture, embryo culture, callus culture, organ culture, protoplast culture, etc. 
• The major steps of Tissue culture in plants are the Initiation phase, Multiplication phase and then Root formation. The father of plant tissue culture is considered to be German Botanist, Haber landt who conceived the concept of cell culture in $$1902$$. Now, tissue culture is vastly used to produces plants. But still Animal cell culture is also in wide used, which provides the basis to study regulation proliferation, differentiation and to perform genetic manipulation

• The edible protein produced on a large scale by means of microorganisms for animal and human nutrition is called single-cell protein.
  
• Common microbes used as SCP producers are:

1. Bacteria- Methylophilus methylotrophus, Brevibacterium sp., etc.
2. Cyanobacteria- Spirulina
3. Yeasts- Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis etc.
4. Filamentous fungi- Fusarium graminearum, Chaetomium cellulolyticum, etc.
5. Algae- Chlorella, Scenedesmus, etc.

• Some potential substrates for SCP include bagasse, molasses, sorghum hydrolysate, sulfate waste liquor, pawn-shell wastes, dairy wastes, methanol, animal manure, whey, starch, and sewage, etc.