Monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year. 

In north-western India, some weak temperate cyclones from the western disturbances emerging over the Mediterranean Sea cause rainfall in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and western Uttar Pradesh.

The North-east monsoon causes rainfall in the Southern and eastern coastal regions of India.

The average temperature of the Earth remains fairly steady as compared to that of the Moon because of the atmosphere. It is the layer of gases surrounding the planet. Atmosphere, along with other factors, is responsible for life on earth.

A region with high annual rainfall would not be suffering from water scarcity.  Also, a region having low rainfall and low population would not suffer from water scarcity.

However, A region having high annual rainfall and large population might have water scarcity. Similarly, A region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted would be suffering from water scarcity.

Hence two options B & C are correct.

With the apparent northward movement of the sun towards the Tropic of Cancer in March, temperatures start rising in north India. March, April, May and June are the months of summer in India. In most parts of India, temperatures recorded are between 30°-32°C.

Hence, option B is the correct answer.

The period June to September is referred to as the 'Southwest Monsoon' period. Southwest Monsoon period is the principal rainy season for the Indian subcontinent.  This is the summer monsoon period where the southwest monsoon holds away over the country.  The whole country receives nearly 75% of its rainfall during this period.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

The cities like Jaisalmer in Rajasthan and Leh in Ladakh receives the least rainfall. The average annual precipitation in these regions is less than 50 cms.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

Monsoon is the most dominating factor of Indian climate.  It is the seasonal wind circulation; it blows from the northeast during cooler months and reverses direction to blow from the southwest during the warmest months of the year. This process brings large amounts of rainfall to the region during June and July.

Hence Option A is the correct answer.

The following states are among the highest rainfall states in India, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Odisha, Uttarakhand, Karnataka and Kerala.

Hence both Karnataka and Kerala can be the answer.

Indian monsoon is the dominant trait of Indian Climate. The southwest monsoon flows from sea to land, it carries more moisture, and therefore causes more rain, than the northeast monsoon.

Hence, option A is the correct answer.

When rain passes through a layer of cold air, it can freeze before hitting the ground. The small pellets of ice that form is called Sleet.

Hence, option B is the correct answer.

The distribution of rainfall depends upon a variety of factors like relief features, direction of winds and distance from a sea. The average annual rainfall in India is approximately 120 cm.

India receives pre-monsoon showers in the month of May, proper monsoon during the hot weather season, winter monsoon due to western disturbances in winter and a little rain when the monsoons retreat. Thus India has a ‘monsoon type’ of climate.

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

India is home to an extraordinary variety of climatic regions, ranging from tropical in the south to temperate and alpine in the Himalayan north, where elevated regions receive sustained winter snowfall. The nation's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert.

Also, India's climate is dominated by the monsoon winds. They blow constantly from June to September. Winds coming from the Indian Ocean absorb wet air on their way to the Indian subcontinent. During this period much of India receives heavy rainfall.

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.