Explanation
During the winter season, cool, dry winds blow from north to the south. The sun rays do not fall directly into the region as a result, the temperatures are quite low in northern India.
Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years).
The climate of India is described as the monsoon type. In Asia, this type of climate is found mainly in the south and the southeast.
There are six major controls of the climate of any place. They are: latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system, distance from the sea (continentality), ocean currents and relief features.
Due to the curvature of the earth, the amount of solar energy received varies according to latitude.
While precipitation is mostly in the form of snowfall in the upper parts of Himalayas, it rains over the rest of the country.
The elements of weather and climate are the same, i.e. temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation.
The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic word mausim which literally means season.
India’s climate has characteristics of _______ as well as _________.
India's climate has characteristics of tropical as well as subtropical climates.
During winter, there is a high-pressure area north of the Himalayas. Cold dry winds blow from this region to the low-pressure areas over the oceans to the south.
India also has a vast coastal area where the maximum elevation is about _______.
India also has a vast coastal area where the maximum elevation is about 30 metres.
The pressure and wind system of any area depend on the latitude and altitude of the place. Thus it influences the temperature and rainfall pattern.
As the distance from the sea increases, its moderating influence decreases and the people experience extreme weather conditions. This condition is known as continentality (i.e. very hot during summers and very cold during winters).
The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the subcontinent. It is because of these mountains that this subcontinent experiences comparatively milder winters as compared to central Asia.
The leeward side of mountains remains relatively dry. High mountains act as barriers for cold or hot winds; they may also cause precipitation if they are high enough and lie in the path of rain-bearing winds.
Ocean currents along with onshore winds affect the climate of the coastal areas, For example, any coastal area with warm or cold currents flowing past it, will be warmed or cooled if the winds are onshore.
As one goes from the surface of the earth to higher altitudes, the atmosphere becomes less dense and temperature decreases.
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