Crop Production And Management - Class 8 Biology - Extra Questions

List the steps involved in soil preparation.

  • Preparation of the soil is the first step before the growing of the crop. It helps to turn the soil and loosen it to allow the roots to penetrate deep into it. The loosening of the soil helps in the growth of several soil microbes, earthworms, etc., 
  • which enrich the soil with humus and other essential nutrients.  The three steps involved in soil preparation are:
1) Ploughing
2)Leveling
3)Manuring 


Pick the odd one out.
Hand fork, Harrow, Sickle, Hoe

 The odd one is sickle as it used in cutting the crops. The other instruments are tools used in digging the soil for planting.


The crops which are grown in the rainy season are called ______ crops.

  • The crops that are grown in the rainy season are called kharif crops.
  • These crops require a lot of water and hot and humid climatic conditions to grow. 
  • For example, paddy, soyabean, groundnut, etc.


Name the practice followed for large scale rearing of farm animals.

The process of domestication of animals and their rearing is known as animal husbandry. This process is used to increase the livestock of  animals such as pigs, buffaloes, horses etc. This practice needs good care and a very fine management of livestock.


Name one weedicide and the precaution farmers must take during its application.

One example for weedicide is 2,4-D. In order to avoid inhaling of this chemical while spraying it in the field the farmers should cover their nose and mouth properly. 


List the practices which are not environment friendly and why?

The practices which are dangerous to practice in the field are pesticides, fertilizers, weedicides and many other chemical substances.
On the other hand tractor is good but it harms the environment. 


What is the advantage of modern agriculture implements over traditional ones?

In comparison to traditional equipments, modern equipments are more reliable and user friendly. It also consumes less time and asks for less labor. 


Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in the root nodules of ________ plants.

Nitrogen gas forms 78% of the air but is not available for use as such by plants. It must be fixed or converted into a usable form. The atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by bacteria living in the root nodules of leguminous plants such as peas and beans.
So, the correct answer is 'leguminous'.


Raj Thakur and Ram Das were given fertilizers and manure both to use in their field. Ram Das selected to use manure. Why did he not select fertilizers?

Ram Das did not select fertilizers because the continuous use of fertilizers in an area can destroy soil fertility because the organic matter in the soil is not replenished and useful micro organisms in the soil are destroyed by the fertilizers. On the other hand, manure helps in enriching soil with nutrients and organic matter and increasing soil fertility hence he selected manure and not fertilizers.


What is sowing?

Sowing is the process of placing seeds in the soil. It is one of the most important steps of crop production.


What is tilling?

Tilling is actually a form cultivation that is done to prepare the soil for seed bed. It involves implements such as plough, harrow etc.


Write down differences between fertilizers and manure?

 Manure Fertilizers
Obtained by the decomposition
of plant and animal waste.		Obtained by chemicals.
 

Prepared in fields

  Prepared in factories
 Provides humus to soilDoes not provide humus to soil


What are rabi crop?

Rabi crops are:
  • Grown in winter season
  • Seeds are sown in October and harvested in march
  • E.g. pea, mustard, wheat, gram etc.


How do the weeds affect the crops?

They competed with the crop plants for available space, light water, and nutrients. this leads to low yield and poor quality of the crop.


Name the practice used for cultivating rice?

Transplantation is the practice used for cultivating paddy.


Write a short note on the following :

Preparation of soil

Preparation of soil: Preparation of the soil involves loosening and turning the soil. This process is known as ploughing, is done by using a wooden or iron plough which pulls the soil. The pulled soil is then levelled by using a wooden or iron leveller.


Write a short note on the following :

Sowing

Sowing : Seeds are sown after preparation of the soil. Seeds can be sown manually or by seed drills by the process called broadcasting. Seeds should be sown at the correct depth and at correct distance.


Write a short note on Threshing. 

Threshing: The process of separating the grains from the cut crop, known as threshing. Threshing can be done manually by making oxen or buffaloes trample over the cut crop or by using a machine called thresher.


Discuss various methods for weed control.

Weeds are unwanted plants which grow along with the crop plants in cultivated field and cause reduction of crop yield.
The different methods of weed control are :
(a) Mechanical methods : Weeds can be removed by uprooting by hand or by using trowel.
(b) Cultural methods : By employing timely sowing of seeds in properly prepared beds, intercropping and crop rotation methods, weed growth can be minimized.
(c) Chemical methods : Weeds can be destroyed by spraying chemical called weedicides.
(d) Biological methods : Certain insects and crop plants prevent the growth of weeds.


What is the definition of irrigation?

Irrigation is the artificial mean of the application of water to the land or soil. It is an important step in agricultural practices. It is used to assist plant growth, maintenance of landscapes and revegetation in dry areas.


Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the following list.
(float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation)
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called ______. 
(b) The first step before growing crops is _________ of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would __________ on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight, __________ and __________ from the soil are essential.

(a) Plants of the same kind that are grown and cultivated at a place on large scale are referred to as crops. They are mostly grown for useful products. 

(b) The first step in crop cultivation is soil preparation which is done to facilitate easy penetration of roots, proper aeration, and growth of soil microbes. Soil preparation includes loosening and turning soil through the process of ploughing.

(c) Selection of healthy seeds is done by putting seeds in a water-filled beaker for some time. The damaged seeds are hollow and lighter in weight and thus float on top of the water. The healthy seeds, being heavier, settle down at the bottom and are used for sowing. 

(d) Basic requirements for seed germination and growth of a seedling are sunlight, water, and nutrients. Sowing of seeds to the right depth and proper spacing between seeds and seedlings ensure these requirements are met.

Answer:  (a) Crop (b) Preparation (c) Float (d) Water and nutrients.


Explain rahat and moat/pulley system.

Moat or pulley-system: It is a manual irrigation method. By this method, water is directly taken out of wells with the help of a pulley and is used to irrigate fields.
Rahat: In this method, water is drawn out of wells by animals. Animals like cow, buffalo, oxen etc. are connected to a wheel. Animals move and rotate the wheel lead to draw the water from the well.


Why is manure and fertilizer used in fields?

The manure and fertilizers have their importance in fields such as:
$$\bullet$$ The fertilizer and manure consist of nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, etc., essential for plant growth.
$$\bullet$$ They help in enriching soil fertility.
$$\bullet$$ They help plant cultivation by enhancing crop yield.
$$\bullet$$ The manure and fertilizers provide nutrients to plants and reduce the deficiency of elements.



Give two examples of each:

(a) Kharif crop
(b) Rabi crop

Depending upon their growing season, Indian crops are classified as Rabi and Kharif crops. 

a) The crops, sown at the beginning of rainy season (June-July), are known as Kharif crops or summer season crops. Examples- rice, groundnut. 

b) The crops which are sown in the beginning of winter (October-November) are known as Rabi or winter season crops. Examples- wheat, gram. 


I am a plant. I grow in crop fields. Farmers pluck me. I do not know the reason. Can you tell who am I?

I am a weed.
Weeds are undesirable plants which grow in an agricultural area. They compete with the crop for water and soil nutrients. Some weeds produce toxic substances which damage neighboring crops. They also provide shelter for insects that may decrease crop yield. Hence the farmer plucks the weed. 


Arrange the following steps of preparation of soil in correct order.
a) Sowing         b) Levelling           c) Ploughing

a) Ploughing is the loosening of soil using a plough to improve its aeration before sowing the seeds.
b) Land leveling is making the land surface plain. It increases the water holding ability of soil resulting in better yield.
c)  Sowing is planting the crops in soil. This is the last step.


What are weed?

Weeds are the unwanted plants that grow in the garden or fields of crops and prevent the growth of desirable plants. They are the plants which are not grown by the farmers. Examples include grass, dandelions, plantain, thistle, etc.


Classify the following items based on the storage methods. 
(Apple, Wheat,  Potato, Rice, Grape, Sorghum)
Dry storageCold storage
1
2
3

 Dry storageCold storage
 Rice Apple
 Wheat Potato
Sorghum  Grape


Define trowel.

Trowel is a small, pointed tool which is used manually to perform digging the overturning of the soil of a small area of cultivation.


Why is it necessary to reduce the moisture in freshly harvested grains before storing them for a long period?

Food grains which are to be stored for future use should be completely dried because of the following reasons.
a) Presence of moisture may be favorable for the growth of microorganisms. 
b) Presence of moisture and favorable temperature enhance germination of stored seeds. This should be controlled by removing the moisture completely.
If freshly harvested grains are stored without drying they may spoil or get attacked by microorganisms, losing their germination capacity. Hence, before storing them the grains are properly dried in the sun to reduce moisture in them. This prevents the attack by insects, pests, bacteria, and fungi.



How is the tilling of the soil useful for the crops growing in it ?


Explanation -
Tiling makes the soil porous and airy . The underground parts of the plant get a sufficient amount of oxygen for respiration. Tiling brings up the nutrients present below the soil up so that the plants can get the necessary nutrient easily. it also helps in the removal of weeds and undesirable roots. it breaksdown large pieces of soil into finer particles which helps in better soaking of water in soil and for planting seeds. in this way tiling helps the crops to grow faster.

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What is tilling? Name the machine used for tilling.

Tilling or ploughing is the process of preparing the soil for the cultivation of seeds by digging, ploughing and overturning the soil. It ensures proper mixing of the nutrients and uproots the weeds growing beforehand. Cultivators are the machines used for this process. Cultivators are preferred for large areas of cultivable land.


Fill in the blanks :
Animal food is rich in ___________.

Animal food is rich in protein. Meat, milk and milk products, egg, poultry, and fish, contain a balanced level of amino acids.


Enlist the steps involved in the crop production and mention atleast one tool required in each step.

the following are the steps involved in crop production and the equipments used;
  • first step is Crop selection and this step does not involve any tools. the farmer has to select a particular crop he wants to grow according to the soil type and climate of the area with other factors.
  • the second step is Land preparation. this step is making sure that the land is ready for the crops to be planted. it involves processes like tilling, ploughing, turning or mixing the soil, etc. Tools like a plough is used for the process.
  • The next step is seed selection, good quality seeds are selected for the crop, this is a crucial step and there is no involvement of tools in this step.
  • the next step is seed sowing, and ususally, the seeds are sowed manually but hand spades can be used for thr digging process.
  • next process is irrigation and this involves providing suitable water for the crops, equipments like water flow meters, soil sensors are used.
  • The next process is crop growth and no tools are required solely for this process.
  • the next step is fertilizing, and fertilizer sprayers can be used or manually, the fertilizers can be spread.
  • the final step is Harvesting, and Sickles are ususlly used for harvesting.


What are the advantages of using manure?

Manure is a nutrient-rich organic matter used as organic fertilizer in agriculture.
The advantages of adding manure to soil or in agricultural fields:-
1)  It helps to improve the soil structure.
2) It increases the nutrient content in the soil.
3)  It also helps to hold moisture in the soil and enhances the activity of microorganisms.


By spraying weedicides, weeds are killed, but not the crop plants why?

Weedicides, which are also known as herbicides, are chemicals which are harmful to plants. Herbicides can be selective (only kill certain types of plants) or non-selective (kill all types of plants).

Selective herbicides have different mechanisms of action. Different plants will have varying degrees of susceptibility to different mechanisms of action due to differences in absorption of the chemical and the physiology or morphology of the plant. Thus, care is taken to select the appropriate weedicides.


Give different steps of agricultural practices in sequence.

The measures that are taken to grow crops are called agricultural practices. Steps of agricultural practices are:
1. Soil preparation: The soil is plowed, leveled and manured before sowing the seeds.
2. Sowing: Seeds of good quality are sowed or dispersed in the soil.
3. Manuring: The nutrients are provided to the seeds at regular intervals. Manure is the decomposition product of plant and animal wastes. 
4. Irrigation: The water is provided at regular intervals.
5. Weeding: Weeds or unwanted plants are removed using weedicides or removing them manually.
6. Harvesting: After the crop is fully grown, it is  cut and gathered. This process is called as harvesting. 
7. Storage: The harvested crop is then stored for further use or marketing.


Arjun's father was growing a crop continuously in the same field for many years. He noticed that the crops were getting infested by insects. This reduced the yield. Arjun suggested growing soybeans in five rows and maize in another five rows and following the same pattern throughout his one-acre area of land. Arjun's father agreed to do so, in hope of better yield. 

  • What is the given suggestion called?
  • On what basis crops are to be selected in such a practice? 
  • What are the values noticed in Arjun? 

  • The suggestion given by Arjun is called crop rotation. 
  • It is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons. It is done so that the soil of farms is used for only one set of nutrients, it helps in reducing soil erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield.
  • Crop choice is often related to the goal the farmer is looking to achieve with the rotation. Crops to be selected can be vegetables, legumes, grasses, and cereals.
  • Arjun is an intelligent student and aware of agricultural practices and scientific methods.


What are the advantages of ploughing?

  • A plough is a tool or farm implement used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil.
  •  Ploughs were traditionally drawn by working animals such as oxen and horses, but in modern times are mostly drawn by tractors.
  •  The process of loosening the soil for cultivation is called ploughing. The primary purpose of ploughing is to turn over the upper layer of the soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface, while burying weeds and the remains of previous crops and allowing them to break down. The advantages of ploughing are:
  1. Loosening of soil can improve air circulation.
  2. The roots can penetrate deeper into the soil, thus holding the plant firmly.
  3. Ploughing enhances the water retention capacity of the soil.
  4. Ploughing uproots the weeds growing in the field and aids in the growth of useful microbes.


Define 2, 4-D.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide or weedicide which is employed to kill the broad-leaved weeds. It makes the cells of the weeds to grow uncontrollably and result in death due to starvation.  


Why during ploughing, the land is pressed lightly and not tightly ?

During ploughing, the land is pressed lightly because
a) the soil gets loosely packed so that proper aeration can take place in the land.
b) seeds and other nutrients when sprayed are reached a  bit underneath, or else birds will eat up
c) microbes will be able to survive properly in loosely packed soil, rather than tightly packed.





How do weeds damage crops ?

Weeds are unnecessary and unwanted plants which grow by themselves in the fields.
For example- Xanthium, Parthenium , Lantana are some examples of weeds.
They cause damage to the crops because they compete with the crops for space, nutrition, water, sunlight and in this manner affect the growth of the crops and thus damage them.


Which are different festivals related to farming celebrated in different seasons? Find out more about anyone of such festivals and write in your notebook. The name of the festivals in which season it is celebrated, in which states of India, what special food are made, is it celebrated only at home with the family, or together with many people.

The different festivals related to farming that are celebrated in the different season are Basant Panchami, Holi, Lohri, Baisakhi etc.
Basant Panchami: It is celebrated in the spring season. It is celebrated mainly in Punjab, Haryana, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh. In this festival the special food that is prepared is yellow rice, kheer, sweet rotis etc. It is celebrated by the people of different families together.


In your house what is done to protect grains and pulses form insects?

In my house the grains and pulses are kept in air tight containers to protect them against insects.


Why should grains be dried before storage?

Foodgrains should be completely dried before storage because of the following reasons:
a) The presence of moisture may be favourable for the growth of microorganisms. 
b) The moisture and favourable temperature will enhance the germination of stored seeds. 
Thus, it is of utmost importance that the seeds are well dried before storing them for future use.


What causes storage grain losses?

Both abotic and biotic factors are responsible for deterioration of quality of stored grains.
Abitic factors include improper maintenance of temperature,unclean environment,  excess of humidity, cracks and gaps in warehouse walls or containers in which grains are stored.
This leads to infestation of pathogens like bacteria, fungi, weevils, ants that make the grains hollow or not suitable for consumption.Rodents are also a major cause for storage grain losses.


Which one out of beetles, roundworm and earthworm are used for vermicomposting and why? 

The animal used for vermicomposting is earthworm. They convert waste from plants and animals or their products into compost or manure.


As a part of eco-club activity students were asked to raise a kitchen garden in the school premises. They were provided with some materials given in the box. List the other materials you would require. How will you plan the garden? Write the steps. 
khurpi, water-can, spade, shovel 

The other materials which are required to raise a garden are plants from the nursery, seeds, seeding of vegetables, water, and soil. 
Steps-
1- Collect the kitchen waste and make compost from it by cutting it into smaller pieces.
2- A portion of land will be identified where proper sunlight is present
3- Dig the soil and level it.
4- Sow the seeds into the soil. It should be uniformly placed.
5- After sowing, apply the compost so that no insect can harm the seed.
6- at some intervals, remove the weeds from the field. 


Paddy is a major cereal crop in our country.
What measures must be taken to prevent spoilage and insect attack of harvested grains. 

Measures which are taken to prevent spoilage and insect attack of harvested grains are as followed-
1- Expose them to sunlight to remove the moisture of freshly harvested crops.
2- Dried Neem leaves extracts are applied on the grains to protect them from insects.
3- Chemicals and insecticides are also applied.
4- Fumigation process is done to clear the insects present in the cracks of the walls and floor of the godown. 


Unscramble the word related to crop production and its management and write in the boxes given beneath them. 
Now, using the circled letters, form one word which is an activity carried out in fields, after maturation of crops. 

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IRRIGATION - The process of supplying of water for the crops.


Paddy is a major cereal crop in our country.
Discuss the method of sowing. 

Paddy is a major cereal crop that is sown in the Kharif or rainy season. In the first stage the seeds are sown in the fields. After the seeds have germinated the fields are flooded with water. 
The seedlings grow to a length of about a feet, then, they are removed from the water flooded regions and transplanted manually to non-flooded fields or soil to develop further.



Unscramble the word related to crop production and its management and write in the boxes given beneath them. 

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The word unscrambles as RIVER
The activity carried out in the fields after maturation of crops is 'Harvesting'


Unscramble the words related to crop production and its management and write in the boxes given beneath them. 
Now, using the circled letters, form one word which is an activity carried out in fields, after maturation of crops. 

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SILOS - A tower or pit on a farm used to store grain.



(a) Name the tool used with a tractor for sowing seeds in a field.
(b) What are the advantages of using this tool? 

(a) A tool used with a tractor is Seed Drill. It is used to sow seed at a uniform distance. It sows the seeds in the soil and then covers it with the soil. 
(b) Advantages of seed drill are as follows-
(i) It helps to avoid overcrowding of the seed by sowing it at a uniform distance.
(ii) It covers the seed with soil after sowing it that prohibits birds and insects from eating it.
(iii) It is a fast process and consumes less time and labor.
(iv) It helps to increase the yield of the crops by nine times. 


Terms related to the agricultural practice are given below. Rearrange them in the correct sequence.
Harvesting, sowing, manuring, tilling or ploughing, irrigation

The correct arrangement for the given sequence is as follows:
Tilling or ploughing (turning the upper layer of soil) $$\rightarrow$$ Sowing (planting seeds) $$\rightarrow$$ Manuring (adding manure) $$\rightarrow$$ Irrigation (adding water) $$\rightarrow$$ Harvesting (gathering ripe crops). 


Despite favourable climatic conditions, a farmer's crop failed to give good yield. Give the possible reasons for this. 

Following issues could be possible for the farmer's crop to fail-
1- The selection of crops weren't made properly.
2- The farmer did not use a good quality seed.
3- Weeds of the field were not removed. 
4- Manures and fertilizers weren't used properly.
5- The field was not properly irrigated. 


Unscramble the words related to crop production and its management and write in the boxes given beneath them.

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THRESHING - It is the harvested grain which are separated from the grains.


Give reasons.
Soil is turned over during tilling.

Tilling is a mechanical procedure of agitating soil where the top layer is mixed with the lower layers of soil. This promotes the mixing of organic matter throughout the soil and also promotes the growth of microorganisms. These microorganisms help in the conversion of organic matter. 


Paddy, maize, soybean and groundnut are ______ crops.

Paddy, maize, soybean, and groundnut are kharif crops. As these crops are grown during the rainy season, i.e. from june to september.


Beera, wants to practice crop rotation in his field. Suggest a Rabi crop and a Kharif crop which will replenish his field with nitrogen. Which crop replenishes nitrogen and why?

Explanation of the answer.

  • Rabi crops are ones that are grown at the end of the monsoon or the beginning of winter that includes gram, pea, and linseed. 
  •  Kharif crops are the ones that are grown in the monsoon that includes arhar, groundnut, and soybean.
  • These crops belong to the family of Fabaceae. These plants share a symbiotic association with bacteria such as rhizobium. 
  • These bacteria fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and help in replenishing the nitrogen.



What are weeds? How can we control them?

The undesirable plants that grow along with the crops are called weeds.   

Following are some important techniques to control weeds.

  • Weedicides can be used to control weeds.
  • Tilling before planting crops also aids in weed control.
  • With the help of a Khurpi, you can manually remove weeds.



Write a note on modern method of irrigation.

The modern method of irrigation helps to use water economically.
It consists of two types: sprinkler system and drip system.
Sprinkler system: This system is used on uneven land. It consists of a perpendicular pipe which has rotating nozzles on top and it is joined to the main pipeline. Water escapes from the rotating nozzle when water is passed through the main pipeline. The water gets sprinkled on the crops.
Drip system: The water falls drop by drop at the position of the roots so it is called as a drip system. Water is not wasted in this system. It is the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and tree.


Explain the chain pump system.

A chain pump consists of two large wheels, connected by an endless chain. The bottom wheel is half immersed in the water source. As the wheel is turned, the connected buckets dip into the pool and pick up water. The chain then lifts them to the upper wheel, where the water from the buckets is transferred to the pool. The chain then carries the empty buckets back down to be refilled and the process continues.


Write a note on dhekli system of irrigation.

Dhekli is a tradition system of irrigation which is mainly seen in rural areas. It is done through manually. The person had to take out water through a bucket and pour it into the field. This causes a lot of water wastage and now for water scarcity, people don't use this method of irrigation.


What are Kharif crops ? Give the name of the most important cereal plant of such crops. Briefly describe any three methods for cultivation of Kharif crops.

  • Crops that are cultivated in monsoons i.e. between June to September are called Kharif crops or autumn crops. The Kharif crops include rice, maize, millet (bajra, ragi), lentils, soybean, groundnut, cotton, etc. 
  • The most important Kharif crop is rice. This is the staple food of the people living in the eastern and southern parts of the country.
  • Methods of cultivation of Kharif crops:
There are many methods practised in India for the cultivation of Kharif crops. Given below are three common methods used by the farmers.
  1. Broadcasting method: Seeds are sown or scattered by hand on a large area. It is the easiest method and requires less labour but its yields are also very less.
  2. Drilling method: In this method, the land is first loosened using a plough. For this farmers either use oxen or tractors. After ploughing is done, seeds are sown. 
  3. Transplantation method: In this method, the seeds are first grown in nurseries where they germinate into seedlings. After 4-5 weeks the seedlings are uprooted and planted in the field which has already been prepared for the purpose. The entire process is done by hand and is, therefore, labour intensive. However, the method is more successful and gives the highest yields.



Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil
(b) Sowing
(c) Weeding
(d) Threshing

a) The first step in crop cultivation is soil preparation which is done to facilitate easy penetration of roots, proper aeration and growth of soil microbes. Soil preparation includes loosening of soil with the help of a plough or cultivar. After which the leftover soil crumbs are broken down using a leveller which facilitates sowing and irrigation. 

b) Soil preparation is followed by sowing, i.e., putting the seeds in the soil. The selection of healthy seeds is a prerequisite for sowing. Sowing methods include broadcasting or scattering seeds over the field, seed drill or sowing of seeds in rows at proper depth and spacing, transplanting, etc. Basic requirements for seed germination and growth of seedling are sunlight, water and nutrient. Sowing seeds at the right depth and keeping the proper spacing between seeds and seedlings are very important. 

c) Weeds are unwanted and wild plants that grow with crops and compete with crops for nutrients. They can also cause crop toxification. Weeding is the removal of weeds and is mostly done before flowering begins in crop plants. It is done using a trowel, harrow or weedicides. 

d) Threshing is one of the harvesting technique by which grains are separated from the harvested crop. Manual threshing includes the beating of harvested crops on a hard platform followed by making bullocks to walk on it to facilitate the separation of seeds and hay. Hay is cut into small pieces and is fed to cattle. Nowadays, most farmers use a thresher or combine to save time. 


Define the following term :
Winnowing  

Winnowing is an agricultural method for separating grain from the chaff. It is also used to remove hay and chaff or other pests from stored grain. Threshing (the loosening of grain or seeds from the husks and straw) is the step in the chaff-removal process that comes before winnowing.
In the simplest form, it involves throwing the mixture into the air so that the wind blows away the lighter chaff. The heavier grains fall back down for recovery. This method is also called "wind-grading".


If wheat is sown in the Kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.

  • Wheat is a Rabi/winter season crop which is sown in the beginning of winter (October to November). 
  • Basic climatic requirements for wheat crop are moderate temperature conditions, no water logging and frost free days. 
  • It requires water supply during flowering and before tilling only.
  •  If wheat is sown during Kharif season (summers), months of higher temperatures (May-June) and excessive water supply during rainy season would adversely affect the crop productivity. 


Class 8 Biology Extra Questions