Nazism And The Rise Of Hitler - Class 9 History - Extra Questions

The Nazis used the language and media effectively with great care. The racial theory put forward by the Nazis that the Jews belonged to a lower race and as such were undesirable. 
The traditional Christian hatred foe the Jews, because they were accused to have killed Christ, was fully exploited the Nazis in order to make the Germans pre-judicial against Jews.
The Nazis injected hatred against the Jews even in the minds of the children from the very beginning during the days of their schooling. The teachers who were Jews were dismissed and Jews children were thrown out of the schools. Such methods and new ideological training to the new generation of children went a long way in making the Nazi's propaganda  quite effective in creating hatred for the Jews.

The Treaty of Versailles was harsh and humiliating because:

Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930 due to a lot of reasons:

• The most apparent being the Great Depression. The Weimar Republic did little to remedy the country's economic downfall, and Hitler was presented as a saviour to the humiliated German people living in economic and political crises.
  
• The powerful speeches of Hitler in which he sought to build a great nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty, restore the dignity of German people and provide employment for all stirred hopes in people.
• Nazi propaganda was unique. Red banners with the Swastika, Nazi salute and the rounds of applause attracted the people making Nazism very popular.

Role of women in Nazi society followed the rules of a largely patriarchal or male-dominated society. Hitler hailed women as "the most important citizen" in his Germany, but this was true for only Aryan women who bred pure-blooded Aryan children. Motherhood was the only goal they were taught to reach for, apart from performing the stereotypical functions of managing the household and being good wives. This was in stark contrast to the role of women in the French Revolution where women led movements and fought for rights to education and equal wages. They were allowed to form political clubs, and schooling was made compulsory for them after the French Revolution.

After the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, Communist influence in Germany increased. The communist organised themselves effectively and succeeded in capturing a number of seats in Reichstag. Hitler feared that Germany would become a slave of Russia if communism spread there. 

Hitler concentrated all powers into his hands, suppressed all opposition and propagated the ideology of Nazism. 

a) Nazism is a set of political beliefs associated with the Nazi Party of Germany. It started in the 1920sThe Nazis strengthen the Germanic people, the "Aryan master race", through racial purity, broad social welfare programs, and a collective subordination of individual rights. 

The Weimar Constitution had three inherent defects, which are as follows
(i) It was based on proportional representation, which made achieving a majority by one party virtually impossible. Only coalition governments ruled.
(ii) Existence of Article 48 in the Constitution, which gave the President the power to impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree.
(iii) Due to 20 different coalition governments being formed, people lost confidence in the democratic parliamentary system, as it offered no solutions to their problems.

Growing Fear of Communism:

a) Three circumstances that led to the rise of Fascism in Italy : i)Discontentment after the treaty of Versailles- Italy had joined the Anglo-French alliance against Germany and her allies in the First World War as Britain had promised large chunks of territory after their victory. 

Totalitarian governments are based on the principles of dictatorship and an option to have an opinion does not matter. They appeal to masses to make them abide by the government decision.

Negative Outcome: Hitler put an end to civil liberties. Those who were suspected who opposing him were treated harshly. Strict censor as imposed on books, the press, and the cinema.

With reference to modern dictatorship explain authoritarianism and ruthless one party rule: 

The term 'Genocidal War' refers to the mass murder of a particular group of innocent civilians in Europe by Germany during the Second World War.

Many Germans held the new Weimar Republic for not only the defeat in the First World War but the disgrace at Versailles.

Nazi propaganga projected Hitler as a messiah, a saviour, as someone who had arrived to deliver people from their distress.

After establishing his dictatorship in Germany, Hitler turned his attention towards the economic reconstruction of the country. He assigned the responsibility of economic recovery to the economist Hjalmar Sachacht who aimed at full production and full employment through a state-funded work-creation programme. This project produced the famous German superhighways and the people's car, the Volkeswagen.

I take such a decision because I know that once I join the organisation have to learn to worship war, glorify aggression and violence, condemn democracy, and hate Jews, communists, Gypsies etc. I can't do all these. I am a great liberal and believe in the service of mankind. I can't look down upon Jews and other communities. They also are human beings and have full right to enjoy equal status.

Socialists, Cathodics and Democrats were the supporters of the Weimar Republic.

The German parliament was known as the Reichstag between 1933 and 1945. Present name is Bundestag.

(i) Jews were the worst sufferers in Nazi-Germany. They survived mainly through trade and money-lending. They lived in separately marked areas called ghettos. They were often persecuted through periodic organised violence, and expulsion from the land.
(ii) From 1933 to 1938 the Nazis terrorised, pauperised and segregated the Jews, compelling them to leave the country.
(iii) From 1939-1945 the Nazis aimed to concentrating them in certain areas and eventually killing them in gas chambers in Poland.

The oath that each boy took was- 'In the presence of this blood banner which represents our Fuhrer I swear to devote all my energies and my strength to the saviour of our country, Adolf Hitler. I am willing and ready to give up my life for him, so help me God.'

It was during the Great Depression that Nazism became a mass movement. People were facing hard time due to the economic crisis. In such a situation Nazi propaganda stirred hopes of a better future.

Features of the education imparted in Nazi schools : Some of the deeds of nazis for altering the school study are:- they removed all old course books and printed books describing nazi idealogy. Children were tought to hate jews, serve the nazis and worship hitler. The nazis introduced new books in the school. the teachings in the books states that hate jews and pray Hitler.In the schools the undesirables were thrown out of the school.Racial science was established.

Steps taken by Hilter to militarise Germany: 

The peculiar features of Nazi thinking : 

The effects of the economic crisis on Germany are the following: 

(i) Japan's stand had been neutral in the initial stages of Second World War.
(ii) America was forced into the war after its naval base at Pearl Harbour was attacked by Japan on $$7$$th December $$1941$$. First America declared war on Japan followed by France and England.
(iii) This attack caused huge loss to America, forcing it to enter the war.
(iv) The American air-force destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the two prime cities in Japan in $$1945$$.

The picture depicts the German leader, Adolf Hitler. He was a German politician and revolutionary who was the leader of the Nazi Party. He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, serving as dictator. He initiated fascist policies that led to World War II and the deaths of at least 11 million people, including the mass murder of an estimated 6 million Jews.

Hitler rebuilt Germany in the following manner:

Three duties that Nazi state imposed on women were as follows:
(i) Women in Nazi Germany were meant to be good mothers and rear pure blooded Aryan children. 
(ii) A woman's duty was to maintain the purity of the race, maintain distance from Jews, look after the home and teach their children the values of Nazism.
(iii) They had to be the bearers of the Aryan race and culture.

Hitler was a powerful orator. His speech could mesmerise the masses.
The factors responsible for the meteoric rise of Hitler are
(i) He promised to build a strong nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty and restore the dignity of the German people.
(ii) He assured employment for unemployed people and a secured future for the youths.
(iii) He promised to control all foreign influence and resist all foreign conspiracies against Germany.
(iv) He introduced a new style of politics. Nazi party held massive rallies and public meetings to demonstrate the support for Hitler and this massive mobilisation created a sense of unity among German people.
(v) Nazi propaganda skilfully projected Hitler as a messiah, a saviour as someone who had arrived to save people from their distress.
(vi) Hitler came during such a period when the dignity and pride of German people were totally shattered due to the defeat in the First World War and humiliating Treaty of Versailles. 

After becoming the Chancellor of Germany (1933), Hitler captured all powers. In the following ways, the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people
(i) All political parties and trade unions were banned except the Nazi Party and its affiliates. 
(ii) The state established total control over the economy, media, army and judiciary.
(iii) Germany became almost a police state. Special surveillance, security forces, secret state police (Gestapo) were created to control the society.