Population - Class 9 Geography - Extra Questions

• Immigration is the migration of an individual into a place. When individuals immigrate to a new location, they increase the population within that area.

Health affects the process of development of a country that's why health is an important component of population composition.

The sex ratio of Kerala is-1058 females per 1000 males according to 2001 census and 1084 females per 1000 males according to the 2011 census.

The sex ratio of Delhi is 866 females per 1000 males.

On March 2001, the total population of India was 1,028 million.

The population of a nation is generally grouped into the following three categories.
(i) Children (generally below 15 years): The group of population that comes under this category is economically unproductive and needs to be provided with food, clothing, education and medical care.
(ii) Working Age (15-59 years): They are economically productive and biologically reproductive. They comprise the working population.
(iii) Aged (above 59 years): They can be economically productive though they may have retired. They may be working voluntarily but they are not available for employment through recruitment.

•  There are three main processes of change of population: birth rates, death rates and migration.
  
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• • Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. In India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates.
  
• since 1981, birth rates have also started declining gradually, resulting in a gradual decline in the rate of population growth.
  
• Birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 persons in a year.
  

According to the census of 2001, a person aged 7 years and above who can read and write with understanding in any language, is treated as literate.

The most significant feature of the Indian population is the size of its adolescent population which constitutes one-fifth of the total population of India.

According to the numbers, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state and Sikkim is the least populous state in India. With a union of 29 states and 7 union territories, India is the second most populated country in the world, after China. As per consensus of India 2011, the population of India is 1,210,193,422.

According to the census reports of Indian Census 2011, the population of India is 1,210,854,977 with 623, 724, 248 males and 586,469, 174 females. The total literacy rate in the country at present is 74.04%. 

According to the numbers, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state and Sikkim is the least populous state in India. With a union of 29 states and 7 union territories, India is the second most populated country in the world, after China. As per consensus of India 2011, the population of India is 1,210,193,422.

In under developed countries, rapid growth of population diminishes the availability of capital per head which reduces the productivity of its labour force. Their income, as a consequence, is reduced and their capacity to save is diminished which, in turn, adversely affects capital formation.

The main factors determining population distribution are : climate, landforms, topography, soil, energy and mineral resources, accessibility like distance from sea coast, natural harbours, navigable rivers or canals, cultural factors, political boundaries, controls on migration and trade, government policies.

The sex ratio in Jammu and Kashmir is 883.

China is most populous country in the world with population of 138.64 crores.

Kerala has the highest sex ratio of 1084.

The North-Eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh has the sex ratio of 920.

• The world population has grown very rapidly because the death rate has gone down as a result of the growth of food supplies and the improvement of medical facilities.
• Also, unlike the death rate, the birth rate has remained quite high.
• The birth rate and the death rate are two factors that influence population change.
• The birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 people while the death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people.
• Thus, the birth and death rates affect the balance of population.

• When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated. Factors that influence this include favourable climate; good supplies of natural resources and fertile land.

• The rate of population growth is rapidly declining in India since 1981.
• Family planning measures were adopted, leading to decline in the birth rate. 
  
• The natural increase of population is the difference between birth rates and death rates.
  

 A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically. In India the first census was held in the year 1872.

• The census of India provides us with information regarding the population of our country. The data provided by the census cover below three major questions about the population:
→ Population size and distribution
→ Population growth and processes of population change
→ Characteristics or qualities of the population.

The main cause of the rate of growth of the Indian population has been the rapid decline in death rates.

Population growth refers to the change in number of people of a territory during a specific period of time. Such a change can be expressed in two ways:
(i) In terms of percentage change per year: The rate or the pace of population increase is studied in per cent per annum. This is referred to as the annual growth rate. E.g., a rate of increase of 2 per cent per annum means that in a given year, there was an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population.
(ii) In terms of absolute numbers: The absolute numbers added each year or decade is the magnitude of increase. It is calculated by simply subtracting the earlier population from the later population. It is referred to as the absolute increase.

 People make and use resources. They are also considered as resources having different quality.

• Population (total number of persons inhabiting a particular place like city, state, country etc.) is the central element in social studies. It is the point of reference from which all other elements are observed.

• Human beings are producers as well as consumers of the resources so information about population of a country such as their size, distribution are important.

As per March 2001, India’s population stood at 1,028 million, which account for 16.7 percent of the world’s population.

• According to the data, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India with a population size of 166 million, which account for 16 percent of total India's population.

• Sikkim's population - 0.5 million (5 lakhs) while Lakshadweep has 60 thousand people.

• The five states Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh. Rajasthan holds almost half of Indian population (48.8%).

• The advantages of having a healthy population are:
  
• A healthy individual is much more efficient and productive than an unhealthy individual.
  
• He or she is able to realize his or her potential, and play an important role in social and national development.
  
• Absenteeism is low where the workers are healthy.
  
• A healthy population helps in building a productive workforce for the country. Even the non-productive age group needs to be healthy to reduce the burden of healthcare.

It is a fact that the NPP 2000 has done, a great job in improving the health and welfare of the people in general. The policy has provisions of imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age. It emphasises on delayed marriage for girls. It also aims at achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine preventable diseases. These measures will definitely improve the situation and help in making India a prosperous country.

The population density of India in the year 2001 was 324 persons per sq km.

(i) The above bar graph reveals that from 1951 to 1981, the annual rate of population growth was steadily increasing which explains the rapid increase in population from 361 million in 1951 to 683 million in 1981.
(ii) Since 1981 however, the rate of growth started declining gradually. During the period, birth rates declined rapidly.
(iii) Still 182 million people were added to the total population in the 1990s alone. In the year 2001 India's population became 1028 million.

The title of the map: Sex Ratio - 2011.

Density of population as defined as the number of persons per square kilometer. 

LIST 1	LIST 2
A. Maasai	1. Nomadic community of East Africa
B. Raika	2. Shepherd of Rajasthan
C. Dhangar	3. Herders of Maharashtra
D. Kaoko	4. Herders of South- west Africa