Explanation
Aqueous solution of phenol is weakly acidic and turns blue litmus slightly to red. Phenol is easily neutralized by sodium hydroxide forming sodium phenate or phenolate, but it being weaker than carbonic acid cannot be neutralized by sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide
C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5ONa + H2O
The reaction of phenol with acetyl chloride to form phenyl acetate is called acetylation.
Reimer- Tiemann reaction.
Rectified spirit contains 95.87% ethyl alcohol + 4.13% water.
Electron-donating groups (—OCH3, —CH3 etc.) tend to decrease and electron-withdrawing groups (–NO2, —CN etc.) tend to increase the acidic character of phenols. Since —OCH3 is a more powerful electron-donating group than —CH3 group, therefore, p-methylphenol is slightly more acidic that p-methoxyphenol while p-nitrophenol is the strongest acid. Thus, option (d), i.e. p-methoxyphenol, p-methylphenol, p-nitrophenol is correct.
Reactivity increases as the nucleiphilicity of the halide ion increases ,i.e I‒ > Br‒ > Cl‒ . Thus option (c) is correct.
Since carbonic acid(H2CO3) is a stronger acid than phenol which, in turn, is a stronger acid than water and which in turn is a stronger acid than C2H2, therefore, the overall increasing order of acidity is option (d) i.e. C2H2, H2O, phenol, H2CO3.
The reaction of glycerol with HI does not give HOCH3—CHI—CH2OH since 1º alcoholic groups, i.e., CH2OH must react in preference to 2º alcoholic group,i.e., > CHOH.
Electron-donating groups decrease while electron-withdrawing groups increase the acidic character of phenols. Thus p- methylphenol is a weaker acid than phenol. Further, due to resonance stabilization of pnitrophenoxide ion over m-nitrophenoxide ion, p-nitrophenol is a stronger acid than m-nitrophenol. Thus the overall order is (c) .
(CH3)3 COH gives (CH3)3 C+ which is the most stable.
The overall order of acidity is : IV > III > I > II
C6H5N2Cl + H2O → C6H5OH + N2 + HCl.
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