Explanation
Carboxylic acids undergo ionization due to resonance stabilization ofthe carboxylate ion.
-COOH group is m-directing therefore, 3-nitrobenzoic acid is formed.
Claisen condensation
Methyl acetate and ethyl acetate on hydrolysis give CH3COOH which isa liquid. Similarly ethyl formate on hydrolysis will give formic acidwhich is also a liquid. Only ethyl benzoate on hydrolysis will givebenzoic acid which is a solid.
Because of resonance, the electrophilic character of the carboxyl carbonis greatly reduced as compared to carbonyl carbon of aldehydes andketones. As a result, nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions (suchas formation of oximes, hydrazones etc.) of aldehydes and ketones donot occur with carboxylic acids.
HCOOH reduces HgCl2 to Hg2Cl2 but CH3COOH does not
CH3 – COOH + HO – CH(CH3)2 → CH3CO – OCH(CH3)2 + H2O
F3CCOOH > Cl3CCOOH > HCOOH > CH3COOH,
i.e. B > A > D > C, i.e., option (c) is correct
Since C4H9ON on treatment with Br2/KOH gives CH3CH2CH2NH2,therefore, C4H9ON must be butyramide, i.e., CH3CH2CH2CONH2. If so,the compound (X) must be the acid chloride, i.e., CH3CH2CH2COCl
In benzene, benzoic acid undergoes dimerization and hence the M.F. ofbenzoic acid as determined by freezing point is twice the actual mol. wt.
Amongst aldehydes and the acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the mostsusceptible to nucleophilic attack due to strong-I-effect and weak +R-effect of the Cl atom as a result of which carbonyl carbon has thehighest electron-deficiency. The actual order is : MeCOCl > MeCOOCOMe > MeCOOMe > MeCHO.
Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction
HCOOH reduces Tollen’s reagent to Ag mirror. HCOOH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + 2 OH– → 2 Ag ↓+ CO2 ↑+ 4NH3 + 2H2O
CH3COOH + PCl5 → CH3COCl + POCl3 + HCl
HCONH2 + NaOH → HCOONa + NH3 Formamide
Acetic acid reacts with NaHCO3 evolve CO2 gas.
C6H5COOH + SOCl2 → C6H5COCl + SO2 + HCl
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