Explanation
Tollen’s reagent is a chemical reagent used to determine the presence of an aldehyde or alpha-hydroxy ketone functional groups. The reagent consists of a solution of silver nitrate and ammonia. Hence both acetaldehyde and formaldehyde gives silver-mirror test.
The iodoform test or iodoform reaction is a qualitative chemical test for the detection of ketones (acetones) and Aldehydes (acetaldehyde) carrying an alpha methyl group. The reagents are iodine (I2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
The bistartratocuprate(II) complex in Fehling's solution is an oxidizing agent and the active reagent in the test. The compound to be tested is added to the Fehling's solution and the mixture is heated. Aldehydes are oxidized, giving a positive result, but ketones do not react, unless they are alpha-hydroxy-ketones. Hence aromatic aldehyde (i.e, C6H5CHO) does not react with Fehling’s solution, but undergo Cannizaro’s reaction with alkali.
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