Explanation
Sugar (i.e. – aldose and ketose) in alkaline solutions undergo isomerisation to form 1, 2- enediol followed by formation of a mixture of sugars.
Molisch’s test is a sensitive chemical test for the presence of carbohydrates, based on the dehydration of the carbohydrates by sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acids to produce an aldehyde , which condenses with two molecules of phenol (usually ∝-naphthol), through other phenols (e.g, resorcinol, thymol),resulting in a red or purple colored compound.
In the given structures A and B ring A is 6membered ring containg one oxygen with α – glycosidic linkage, hence it is pyranose where as ring B is 5- membered ring containing one oxygen is furanos with β – glycosidic linkage.
The letter D indicates the configuration of the glucose molecule.
The sugar level of diabetic person sometimes suddenly falls. So immediate intake of glucose increases the sugar level to normal.
In aerobic respiration, one molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP molecules. If two moles of glucose are oxidized in the body through respiration, the number of moles of ATP produced is 2 × 38 = 76 ATP molecules.
Diabetes is detected, using Benedict’s solution for testing urine of patients.
It is essential that the above test to be performed two hours after a meal. In the initial stages of he disease, a diabetic does not lose sugar in urine, when on empty stomach. Hence if the Benedict’s test is performed in the fasting state, it is possible to miss the diagnosis of the disease. Even if sugar is detected in the urine by Benedict’s test, the diagnosis of diabetes should be confirmed by blood analysis.
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