Explanation
In case of paranitrophenol, the interaction between the molecules aremuch stronger due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds and this results in more stability and higher boiling point.
On the other hand due to presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in ortho nitrophenol the interaction between the molecules are less and interaction within the molecules are greater and this causes less stability and lesser boiling point.
Hence lower the boiling point, higher is the vapour oressure. Therefore compound B(i.e., O–niytrphenol) has vapour pressure higher tyhan that of A at a partivular temperature.
Hydration of ions is the interaction between the ions and water molecules or other polar solvents. The negative side of a dipolar water molecules attracts and is attracted by any positive ion in solution. Because of this ion – dipole force water molecules cluster around the positive ions occurs. Similarly +ve end of water molecules are attracted to negative ions. Therefore hydration of ions aqueous solution is an example of ion – dipole interaction.
High boiling point of water is due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding .
Viscosity in organic compounds generally depends upon the extent of hydrogen bonding . Higher is the extent of hydrogen bonding , higher will be the viscosity.
In case of Glycerol , 3−OH groups are involved in the hydrogen bonding whereas in case of ethanol only one –OH group is involved , therefore the extent of hydrogen bonding in ethanol is lower than glycerol . Hence Glycerol is more viscous than ethanol.
Based on charge separation and covalence character of N and C, the correct stability order of the following resonance structure is I > III > II > IV
The bond angle and dipole moment of water respectively are 104.5o and 1.84 D.
C is – 1, 2 – dichloro and trans 1, 2- dichloro – 2 – pentene have dipole moment where as in trans – 1, 2 – dichloro ethene bond moments cancel out hence it has
μ = OD. The dipole moment is the vector sum of all the bond.
According to ocfet rule, A chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that toms of main – group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. In this case an element has stable configuration. Therefore element neither gain noe lose electrons.
In inorganic chemistry, Fajan’s rules are used to predict whether a chemical bond will be covalent or ionic and depending on the charge on the cation and the relative sizes of the cation and anion.
Here, in the given compounds, Cl- is there in all decided by size and charge of the cation. Therefore higher the charge of the cation, smaller will be the size of the cation, then more will be the polarizing power.
Hence among all the compounds Al khas maximum of +3 oxidation state, hence AlCl3 has the maximum covalent charcater.
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