Explanation
In graphite, carbon is SP2 hybridized . Each carbon is thus linked to three other carbon atoms forming hexagonal rings . Since only three electrons of each carbon are used in making hexagonal ring, fourth electron of each carbon is free to move. This makes graphite a good conductors of heat and electricity . Further , graphite has a two dimensional shell like structrue. These various sheets are held together by weak van der waal’s force of attraction , due to these weak forces of attraction, one layer can slip over the other. This makes graphite soft and a good lubricating agent .
Air is passed over the red-hot fuel and carbon monoxide is produced in an exothermic reaction which reads 2C + O2 → 2CO. The nitrogen in the air remains unchanged and dilute the gas, due to this percentage of nitrogen (N2) increases. Hence calorific value of producer gas is low.
Consider the reaction of silica with sodium carbonate.
SiO2 + Na2CO3 → Na2SiO3 + CO2 ↑
Hence carbon dioxide will liberate during the reaction.
With 3 electrons in the valence shell, the oxidation state of the element will be +3.
As there are three electrons in the valence shell of group 13 elements they show +3 oxidation state. Also in case of heavier members, due to inert pair effect, +1 oxidation state is most stable.
Boron does not react with water in cold or hot.
TICl3 decomposes above 40o to TICl and Cl2 and in this way acts as an oxidising agent.
Hoope’s electrolytic process is for refining of Al.
Serpeck’s process is used for the purification of white bauxite which does not contain Fe2O3 as an impurify.
Size of Li+ ion is too small to form hexaaquo complex ion which is present in alums.
Al has more affinity for oxygen and is also more electropositive than Cr. Therefore, this reaction will not take place.
AlCl3 (anhydrous ) sublimes at 100oC under vaccum or at 183oC as such.
Duraluminium alloy contains Al (95%), Cu (3%), Mn (1%),Mg(1%).
Boron does not react with HCl but Al does.
Try Your Self
Potash alum K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O is a double salt.
Chemical formula of bauxite is Al2O3.2H2O.
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