Explanation
Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Alkylation and Acylation of Benzene are Electro philic Substitation Reactions.
Because double bonds of Benzene breaks on addition oh H2
m – Directors ⇒ –NO2 , –SO3H, –COOH, –CN, CHO, –COR
O – P Directors ⇒ CH3, –OH, –OR, –NH2, –X (Halogen)
Upon Oxidation of o, m, p-Xylenes forms corresponding dicarboxylic
–NO2 is m – Director
–COOC2H5 m – Director
Bond length ∝ 1/ Bondorder there for bond length in
π e s in , , , are 4,4,6,4 there for according to Hukelis Rule (c) is Aromatic
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