Explanation
A solvent molecule lacking a polar X–H bond is called aprotic solvent NH3, SO2 and CH3CN are aprotic solvent while CH3COOH is protic solvent
Vinyl chloride undergoes addition and elimination reactions. Substitutions reactions is shown by the compounds having single bonds only
Electrophile are the species which are electron deficient and accept a pair of electron. Hence, SO3 is an electrophile. While H2O, NH3 and R–O–R are nucleophiles
Ca2+(H–)2 and H – C ≡ C – H; electrovalency in CaH2 and covalency in C2H2.
Tetrachloroethene being an alkene has sp2-hybridized C- atoms and hence ∠Cl – Cl is 120º while in tetrachloromethane, carbon is sp3-hybridized, therefore ∠Cl – C – Cl is 109º – 28’.
Shortest C-C distance (1.20Ǻ) is in acetylene.
C-C bond length increases in the order:
C2H2 (1.20 Å) < C2H4(1.34 Å) < C6H6(1.39 Å) < C2H6(1.54 Å)
15.1, 3-Butadiene has two double bonds while all other alkenes have onedouble bond. Therefore, its heat of hydrogenation is the maximum (226 kJmol-1) Further, the heat of hydrogenation of any alkene depends upon itsstability. Since trans-2-butene is the most stable alkene (due tohyperconjugation and least steric hindrance) amongst the alkenes:1-butene (126 kJ mol-1), trans-2-butene (115 kJ mol-1) and cis-2-butene(119kJ mol-1)therefore, its heat of hydrogenation is the least(115 kJ mol-1).
Contributing structures contribute to the resonance energy inversely inproportion of their relative energies, i.e. structures with high energycontribute less while those with low energy contribute more, Therefore,option (a) is wrong.
Cl+ (chloronium ion).
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