Explanation
The distance between the atoms of crystals is of the order of wavelength of X-rays. When they fall on a crystal, they are diffracted. The diffraction pattern is helpful study of crystal structure.
In photoelectric effect, the photon falling on some matter is absorbed by the matter and its energy is transferred to an electron of the matter. In X-ray production, photons are produced which get energy from energetic electrons lonising the inner shells of the target which in turn cause a cascade of emission lines.
Among the given metals, aluminium thermionically emits an electron at a relatively lowest temperature.
Wave length of green light is threshold wave length. Hence for emission of electron, wave length of Indigo light < wavelength of green light.
In a discharge tube ionization of enclosed gas is produced due to collisions between negative electrons and neutral atoms/molecules.
Light consists of photons and cathode rays consists of electrons. However both effect the photographic plate.
When cathode rays strike the metal plate, they transfer their energy to plate.
Cathode rays are stream of negatively charged particles, so they deflect in electric field.
Positive rays consists of positive ions
Particle is photon and it travels with the velocity equal to light in vacuum.
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