Explanation
Penetrating power is greater for lower wavelength.
The production of X-rays is an atomic property whereas the production of γ -rays is a nuclear property.
Nucleus of heavy atom captures electron of K-orbit. This is a radioactive process, so vacancy of this electron if filled by an outer electron and X-rays are produce.
X-rays are electromagnetic in nature so they remains unaffected in electric and magnetic field.
When a high energy electron is incident on heavy metal, it produce X-rays.
With the increase in potential difference between anode and cathode energy of striking electrons increases which in turn increase the energy (penetration power) of X-rays.
Interatomic spacing in a crystal acts as a diffraction grating.
The wavelength of the γ-rays is shorter. However the main distinguishing feature is the nature of emission.
Hard X-rays are of higher energy and the energy of X-rays depends on the potential difference between the cathode and the target.
Greater the number of electrons striking the anode, larger is the number of X-rays photons emitted.
Target should be of high atomic number and high melting point.
Intensity of X-rays depends upon the number of electron striking the target.
Because X-rays are electromagnetic (Neutral) in nature.
Frequency of hard X-rays is greater than that of soft X-rays.
The velocity of X-rays is always equal to that of light.
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