Explanation
The energy will be minimum in this case and every system tends to possess minimum energy.
When dielectric is introduced, the capacitance will increase and as the battery remains connected, so the voltage will remain constant. hence, according to Q = CV, the charge will increase.
In charging half of energy supplied by the battery is lost in the form of heat
In this process capacity increases, so battery supplies additional charge to capacitor. In order to keep same potential difference.
Initially when key is closed, the capacitor acts as short-circuit, so bulb will light up. But finally the capacitor becomes fully charged, so it will act as open circuit, so bulb will not glow.
Electric field between the plates of parallel plate capacitor is uniform and it doesn't depend upon distance
Potential of both spheres will be same
By inserting the dielectric slab. Capacitance (ie.,ability to hold the charge) increases. In the presence of battery more charge is supplied from battery.
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