Explanation
Electric field lines do not form closed loop. This follows from the conservative nature of electric field.
Separation between the spheres is not too large as compared to their radius so due to induction effect redistribution of charge takes place. Hence effective charge separation decreases so force increases.
Potential energy depends upon the charge at peaks of irregularities. Since every event in the universe leads to the minimisation of energy.
Let us consider 1 ball has any type of charge 1 and 2 must have different charges, 2 and 4 must have different charges i.e., I and 4 must have same charges but electrostatics attraction is also present in (1, 4) which is impossible.
In case of spherical metal conductor the charge quickly spreads uniformly over the entire surface because of which charges stay for longer time on the spherical surface. While in case of non-spherical surface, the charge concentration is different at different points due to which the charges do not stay on the surface for longer time.
The force is perpendicular to the displacement.
Because current flows from higher potential to lower potential.
Since potential inside the hollow sphere is same as that on the surface.
On the equipotential surface, electric field is normal to the charged surface (where potential exists) so that no work will be done.
In non-uniform electric field. Intensity is more, where the lines are more denser.
ABDE is an equipotential surface, on equipotential surface no work is done in shifting a charge from one place to another.
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