Cardiac cycle order
  • Transmission of the impulse to contract from the SA node to the AV node through the ventricles.
  • Atrial systole Atrial diastole Ventricular systole first phase Ventricular systole second phase Ventricular diastole early Ventricular diastole late
  • Time required for ventricles to undergo a single cycle of depolarization and repolarization
  • 4. Elastic arteries 7. Muscular arteries 2. Arterioles 3. Capillaries 1. Venules 5. Medium veins 6. Large veins
List in correct order the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit starting at the aorta.
  • 4. Elastic arteries 7. Muscular arteries 2. Arterioles 3. Capillaries 1. Venules 5. Medium veins 6. Large veins
  • NFP = 20. It results in a blood fluid loss (loss or gain).
  • (4) arterioles dilate,
  • Venous return is the amount of blood arriving to the right atrium each minute cardiac output would decrease without venous return
What is the relationship between a cardiac output and a venous return, averaged over one minute?
  • Venous return is the amount of blood arriving to the right atrium each minute cardiac output would decrease without venous return
  • (4) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
  • (5) decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
  • Time required for ventricles to undergo a single cycle of depolarization and repolarization
What is wrong in the following statement? Total peripheral resistance is dependent on the following factors: (1) length of a blood vessel, (2) osmolarity of interstitial fluids, (3) turbulence, (4) blood viscosity, (5) blood vessel diameter.
  • (2) Concentration of plasma glucose
  • (4) arterioles dilate,
  • (2) osmolarity of interstitial fluids
  • (4) inhibition of EPO secretion
Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow: (1) vascular resistance, (2) venous pressure, (3) viscosity of blood, (4) vessel length, (5) turbulence?
  • (1) vascular resistance
  • (5) decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
  • (4) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
  • (3) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma
What is right in the following statement? The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the (1) concentration of plasma sodium ions, (2) Concentration of plasma glucose, (3) concentration of plasma waste products, (4) concentration of plasma proteins, (5) number of red blood cells?
  • (2) the activity of the respiratory pump
  • (4) inhibition of EPO secretion
  • (2) osmolarity of interstitial fluids
  • (2) Concentration of plasma glucose
The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the
  • Precapillary sphincters
  • Increase water, decrease blood pressure
  • arterial anastomosis.
  • Cerebral arterial circle.
Q-T interval
  • Transmission of the impulse to contract from the SA node to the AV node through the ventricles.
  • Time required for ventricles to undergo a single cycle of depolarization and repolarization
  • ventricular depolarization
  • Venous return is the amount of blood arriving to the right atrium each minute cardiac output would decrease without venous return
The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery known as the
  • dural sinuses.
  • basilar artery.
  • Arterioles
  • Cerebral arterial circle.
Blood from the brain is drained by the
  • arterial anastomosis.
  • internal jugular vein.
  • Blood flow would double
  • dural sinuses.
How will elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP influence the water balance and blood pressure?
  • Heart and stroke volume will increase
  • Increase water, decrease blood pressure
  • Cerebral arterial circle.
  • Blood flow would double
Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 45 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if the blood gains or loses fluid.
  • NFP = 20. It results in a blood fluid loss (loss or gain).
  • (4) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
  • (1) vascular resistance
  • (4) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
What is wrong in the following statement? Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following factors except: (1) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries, (2) the activity of the respiratory pump, (3) valves in the veins prevent the backward flow of blood, (4) muscular compression, made by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
  • (4) inhibition of EPO secretion
  • (2) Concentration of plasma glucose
  • (2) the activity of the respiratory pump
  • (4) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
What part of the autonomic nervous system will be activated in response to increased levels of carbon dioxide and how such response will change heart rate and cardiac output?
  • (5) decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
  • The sympathetic nervous system will increase heart rate and cardiac output
  • (2) osmolarity of interstitial fluids
  • (4) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
Veins of the brain empty into the
  • arterial anastomosis.
  • basilar artery.
  • (1) vascular resistance
  • dural sinuses.
If a person has a blood pressure of 150/90, what would be his mean arterial pressure?
  • The sympathetic nervous system will increase heart rate and cardiac output
  • 4. Elastic arteries 7. Muscular arteries 2. Arterioles 3. Capillaries 1. Venules 5. Medium veins 6. Large veins
  • Pulse pressure = 150-90 = 60 60/3 = 20 90+20 = 110 MAP
  • Atrial systole Atrial diastole Ventricular systole first phase Ventricular systole second phase Ventricular diastole early Ventricular diastole late
Which of the following factors will not cause an increase in blood pressure: (1) increased levels of aldosterone, (2) increased levels of angiotensin II, (3) increased blood volume, (4) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) (5) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).
  • (4) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
  • (3) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma
  • (1) increased venous return, (2) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, (3) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
  • (5) decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
QRS complex
  • depolarization of the atria
  • ventricular depolarization
  • (1) vascular resistance
  • repolarization of ventricals
There are four blood vessels with the following characteristics: (1) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long, (2) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long, (3) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long, and (4) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long. In which of these vessels the blood flow would be highest?
  • (4) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
  • (4) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system
  • (4) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
  • (3) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma
The hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood into the
  • arterial anastomosis.
  • basilar artery.
  • False
  • liver.
How would heart rate and stroke volume change if carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge?
  • Increase water, decrease blood pressure
  • (2) Concentration of plasma glucose
  • Cerebral arterial circle.
  • Heart and stroke volume will increase
P wave
  • (4) inhibition of EPO secretion
  • repolarization of ventricals
  • Cerebral arterial circle.
  • depolarization of the atria
True or False. Arteriosclerosis can lead to hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction.
  • True
  • False
Increased stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in which of the following: (1) increased heart rate, (2) stimulation of the cardio accelerator center in the brain, (3) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart, (4) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system, (5) stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center?
  • (4) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
  • (4) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system
  • (1) increased venous return, (2) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, (3) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
  • (3) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma
Which of the following produces blood colloid osmotic pressure: (1) a great salt concentration in blood cells, (2) the force of blood pushing against the vessel wall, (3) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma, (4) osmosis of water, (5) hypertonic solutions separated by a cell membrane?
  • (1) vascular resistance
  • (5) decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
  • (3) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma
  • (1) increased venous return, (2) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, (3) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
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