any factor that can cause a birth defect
  • Teratogen
  • Endocrine Disruptor
  • Mutagen
  • Carcinogen
a type of irrigation that waters crops using sprinkler systems on huge turning wheels
  • Center-pivot Irrigation
  • Resource Partitioning
  • Trickle Irrigation
  • Tragedy of the Commons
conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas
  • Biomagnification
  • Fecal Coliform
  • Denitrification
  • Bioaccumulation
recognition that access to a clean, healthy environment is a fundamental right
  • Sustainable Development
  • Environmental Justice
  • Ecological Footprint
  • Superfund
protects the welfare of people engaged in work or employment
  • Respiratory Protection Training
  • Occupational Safety and Health
  • Open Circuit Scba's
  • Wildland Clothing
a liquid that has passed through compacted solid waste in a landfill
  • Leachate
  • Keystone Species
  • Floodplain
  • Holistic
fuel that can be used in nuclear reactors as a source of electricity
  • Fuel Rods
  • Cogeneration
  • Nuclear Fuel
  • Conduction
the period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation
  • Growth Rate
  • Keystone Species
  • Demographic Transition
  • Generation Time
a measure of how acid a solution is- the lower the pH, the greater this is
  • Biodiversity
  • Erosion
  • Acidity
  • Ld-50
a form of irrigation that saves water by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants
  • Flood Irrigation
  • Crude Birth Rate
  • Trickle Irrigation
  • Salinization
vertical temperature layering
  • Denitrification
  • Watershed
  • Thermal Stratification
  • Cogeneration
a system that allows the exchange of energy (not matter)between the system and its surroundings
  • Open System
  • Convection
  • Ecological Footprint
  • Closed System
identifies/protects threatened and endangered species
  • Endangered Species Act
  • Clean Water Act
  • Kyoto Protocol
  • Montreal Protocol
regarding humans as most significant species; human-centered
  • Intrinsic Value
  • Asthenosphere
  • Anthropocentric
  • Biodiversity
plates moving away from each other in opposite directions
  • Convergent Plates
  • Divergent Plates
  • Transform Plates
  • A Deep Mantle Plume Or Hot Spot
the use of living organisms to detoxify and restore
  • Bioremediation
  • Biomagnification
  • Eutrophication
  • Overgrazing
value based on its usefulness to humans
  • Biological Wealth
  • Biotic Potential
  • Instrumental Value
  • Exponential Growth
nitrous oxides (created through burning fossil fuels); photochemical smog
  • SOX
  • NOX
  • OZONE
  • VOCS
rocks that form when lava cools and solidifies on the surface
  • Clastic
  • Erosion
  • Igneous Rock
  • Extrusive
used in paints, stains; create ozone
  • Cfcs
  • Aerosols
  • VOCs
  • Radon
author of Silent Spring; helped influence environmental awareness and banning of DDT
  • Rachel Carson
  • Endangered Species Act
  • Clean Water Act
  • Lacey Act
reducing waste at the source, producing less waste
  • Source Reduction
  • Superfund
  • Biotic Potential
  • Closed Loop Recycling
catching fish in huge nets that drift in the water
  • Purse-seine Fishing
  • Trawler Fishing
  • Long Line Fishing
  • Drift Net Fishing
the solid part of the earth (crust, outer mantle)
  • Asthenosphere
  • Lithosphere
  • Convection
  • Hydrosphere
emission standards for cars/limits for release of air pollutants
  • Clean Air Act
  • Montreal Protocol
  • Kyoto Protocol
  • Endangered Species Act
widely spread source of pollution; not specific
  • Sanitary Landfill
  • Thermal
  • Mobile Source
  • Nonpoint Source
the rate at which biomass accumulates in an ecosystem
  • Net Primary Productivity
  • Industrial Solid Waste
  • Evapotranspiration
  • Occupational Safety and Health
when the birth rate equals the death rate
  • Demographic Transition
  • Population Density
  • Zero Population Growth
  • Demography
decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia
  • Assimilation
  • Ammonification
  • Eutrophication
  • Nitrogen Fixation
a form of tourism that supports the conservation and sustainable development of ecological areas
  • Ecotourism
  • Conservation
  • Invasive Species
  • Biodiversity
small particles in atmosphere
  • Ozone
  • Aerosols
  • Cfcs
  • Albedo
partially decomposed organic matter
  • Humus
  • Litter
  • Topsoil
  • Subsoil
recycling products are reused to form new products
  • Recycle Loop
  • Source Reduction
  • Green Manure
  • Open Loop Recycling
an agricultural product applied to the soil (mined or synthetically manufactured material)
  • Organic Compounds
  • Inorganic Fertilizer
  • Replacement Fertility Rate
  • Green Manure
dragging a net held open at the neck along the ocean bottom to get bottom-dwelling fish
  • Trawler Fishing
  • Long Line Fishing
  • Drift Net Fishing
  • Purse-seine Fishing
fuelscreated from the fermentation of plants or plant products
  • Crude Oil
  • Biodiversity
  • Biofuels
  • Ethanol
a waste product produced by the burning of coal
  • Bottom Ash
  • Ethanol
  • Fly Ash
  • Crude Oil
a unit of surface area equal to 100 ares
  • Fly Ash
  • Teratogen
  • Hectare
  • Fecal Coliform
the preservation of the environment and natural resources
  • Erosion
  • Conservation
  • Wind Power
  • Biodiversity
defines rights and responsibilities of nations in use of world's oceans; promotes peaceful use of oceans
  • Wilderness Act
  • Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
  • Convention on the Law of the Sea
  • Taylor Grazing Act
the time required for a population to double in size
  • Exponential Growth
  • Population Density
  • Biotic Potential
  • Doubling Time
substances that can be mined from the ground
  • Organic Compounds
  • Oil Sands
  • Crude Oil
  • Ethanol
the number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population
  • Crude Birth Rate
  • Zero Population Growth
  • Total Fertility Rate
  • Replacement Fertility Rate
the assessment of the effect a product has on the environment
  • Population Explosion
  • Crude Birth Rate
  • Life-Cycle Analysis
  • Organic Fertilizer
smog resulting from industry emissions/burning of fossil fuels.
  • Industrial Smog
  • Ozone
  • Photochemical Smog
  • Aerosols
mixture of ozone and other chemicals; when pollutants react
  • Aerosols
  • Ozone
  • Photochemical Smog
  • Industrial Smog
combination of commercial, scientific, and aesthetic values by a regions biota
  • Biological Wealth
  • Environmental Justice
  • Biotic Potential
  • Exponential Growth
focused on creating international environmental policy
  • Lacey Act
  • Endangered Species Act
  • Clean Air Act
  • Stockholm Declaration
a colorless gas; separated by "good ozone" and "bad ozone"
  • Radon
  • Vocs
  • Ozone
  • Particulate Matter
the area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place
  • Lithosphere
  • Floodplain
  • Watershed
  • Niche
system in which productivity and nutrient content are low
  • Hypoxic
  • Oligotrophic
  • Eutrophication
  • Floodplain
approach to sustainability that meets environmental, economic, and social goals (business)
  • Ecological Footprint
  • Overshoot
  • Triple Bottom Line
  • Environmental Justice
a low area where waste is buried between layers of earth
  • Convergent Plates
  • Sanitary Landfill
  • Bioremediation
  • Sustainable Development
the layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface of the soil
  • Humus
  • Topsoil
  • Subsoil
  • Litter
buildup of pollutants at higher levels of the food chain
  • Bioremediation
  • Eutrophication
  • Nitrification
  • Biomagnification
a system in which matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings
  • Open System
  • Demographic Transition
  • Closed System
  • Convection
international legislation controlling exploitation of endangered species
  • Interspecific Competition
  • Population Explosion
  • Sediment Rock
  • Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species
worth independent of any human benefit; inherent worth
  • Denitrification
  • Economic Value
  • Anthropocentric
  • Intrinsic Value
provides mechanical energy to a generator
  • Turbine
  • Control Rods
  • Curie
  • Ethanol
percent of solar radiation reflected by a surface
  • Conduction
  • Albedo
  • Evapotranspiration
  • Convection
a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat/pressure/reactions
  • Intrusive
  • Metamorphic Rock
  • Igneous Rock
  • Erosion
organism that makes its own food
  • Decomposer
  • Consumer
  • Autotroph
  • Heterotroph
unit of radioactivity
  • Radon
  • Curie
  • Hectare
  • In Situ
an organism that depends on complex organic substances for nutrition; cannot make food
  • Consumer
  • Autotroph
  • Heterotroph
  • Producer
requires coal strip mines to reclaim the land
  • Organic Compounds
  • Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
  • Clean Water Act
  • Clean Air Act
when the response to a stimulus decreases the effect of the original stimulus
  • Negative Feedback Loop
  • Open System
  • Closed System
  • Sustainable Development
low level of oxygen
  • Aerosols
  • Oligotrophic
  • Holistic
  • Hypoxic
tubes containing uranium or other elements that release energy when fission occurs
  • Nuclear Fuel
  • Control Rods
  • Crude Oil
  • Fuel Rods
a growing crop that is plowed under to enrich soil
  • Bioremediation
  • Animal Manure
  • Salinization
  • Green Manure
plant materials and animal waste used as fuel
  • Organic Compounds
  • Subsoil
  • Ex situ
  • Biomass
acts as hormones and disrupts the reproductive process
  • Carcinogen
  • Teratogen
  • Mutagen
  • Endocrine Disruptor
a biological insecticide
  • Fecal coliform
  • Bacillus thuringensis
  • Excessive irrigation
  • Organic fertilizer
condition in which the earth's surface is worn away by the action of water and wind
  • Erosion
  • Salinization
  • Desertification
  • Subsoil
the rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century
  • Exponential Growth
  • Genetic Diversity
  • Population Explosion
  • Total Fertility Rate
storage of water in a reservoir behind a dam
  • Hydrosphere
  • Watershed
  • Water Impoundment
  • Sanitary Landfill
plates that slide past each other
  • Convergent Plates
  • Subduction Zones
  • Divergent Plates
  • Transform Plates
when a population exceeds the long term carrying capacity for an environment
  • Overshoot
  • Overgrazing
  • Demographic Transition
  • Ecological Footprint
a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei
  • Keystone Species
  • Indicator Species
  • Industrial Smog
  • Nuclear Fission
a low plain adjacent to a river and subject to flooding
  • Watershed
  • Stream Gradient
  • Floodplain
  • Erosion
produced by chemical interacting between sulfur and oxygen; acid rain, secondary pollutant
  • ACIDITY
  • SOX
  • EUTROPHICATION
  • NOX
mineral used extensively in insulation, causes respiratory issues
  • Asbestos
  • Radon
  • Vocs
  • Ozone
species that serve as early warnings that an ecosystem is being damaged
  • Umbrella Species
  • Keystone Species
  • Indicator Species
  • Invasive Species
the build up of a substance as it passes through a food chain
  • Physical Hazard
  • Biotic Potential
  • Bioaccumulation
  • Organic Fertilizer
occurs when the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
  • Exponential Growth
  • Biotic Potential
  • Population Density
  • Ecological Footprint
rocks and soil are stripped from earths surface to expose the underlying materials
  • Strip Mining
  • Intrusive
  • Erosion
  • Conservation
the transition from one type of habitat or ecosystem to another
  • Ecotone
  • Cogeneration
  • Niche
  • Euphotic Zone
smoking, unsafe working conditions, poor diet, drugs, drinking, driving, criminal assault, unsafe sex, and poverty
  • Euphotic Zone
  • Food Irradiation
  • Nuclear Fission
  • Cultural Hazard
production of visually appealing products for consumers through pesticides/fertilizers
  • eutrophication
  • "Snow White Syndrome"
  • inorganic fertilizer
  • tragedy of the commons
the buildup of salts in surface soil layers
  • Desertification
  • Salinization
  • Overgrazing
  • Erosion
the production of energy from the same fuel source
  • Cogeneration
  • Conduction
  • Bioremediation
  • Nuclear Fuel
allowed Congress to set aside land for reservation
  • Endangered Species Act
  • Taylor Grazing Act
  • Wilderness Act
  • Lacey Act
compounds that contain carbon-based molecules
  • Organic Fertilizer
  • Long Line Fishing
  • Ammonification
  • Organic Compounds
over irrigation of a specific area that leads to salinization
  • Excessive Irrigation
  • Extrusive
  • Evapotranspiration
  • Anthropocentric
produced by mines, agriculture, and industries
  • Photochemical Smog
  • Industrial Solid Waste
  • Industrial Smog
  • Particulate Matter
layer of water where sunlight is sufficient for photosynthesis to occur
  • Euphotic Zone
  • Abyssal Zone
  • Benthic Zone
  • Bathyal Zone
compounds that lack carbon and hydrogen atoms
  • Inorganic Fertilizer
  • Inorganic Compounds
  • Industrial Solid Waste
  • Ammonification
a fund created by Congress in 1980 to clean up hazardous waste sites
  • Lacey Act
  • Superfund
  • Clean Air Act
  • Endangered Species Act
the variety of species living within an ecosystem
  • Genetic Diversity
  • Biomagnification
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
the study of rates of colonization and extinction of species on islands (size, shape, and distance)
  • Island Biogeography
  • Conservation
  • Population Density
  • Demography
the process by which nitrites and nitrates are produced by bacteria in the soil
  • Conduction
  • Denitrification
  • Eutrophication
  • Nitrification
a term used to indicate that a large amount of a society's population is becoming elderly
  • Erosion
  • Eutrophication
  • Porosity
  • Graying
petroleum that has not been processed
  • Crude Oil
  • Oil Sands
  • Conservation
  • Watershed
the amount of variation in the genetic material within all members of a population
  • Biodiversity
  • Genetic Diversity
  • Ecological Footprint
  • Population Density
a large net is encircled around the targeted catch,then the bottom of the net is drawn tight like the strings of a purse
  • Trawler Fishing
  • Long Line Fishing
  • Purse-seine Fishing
  • Drift Net Fishing
a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
  • Igneous Rock
  • Lithosphere
  • Metamorphic Rock
  • Intrusive
the amount of a chemical that kills 50% of the animals in a test population
  • LD-60
  • LD-150
  • LD-45
  • LD-50
tax-related provisions; provides support for crops, energy, livestock, etc.
  • Lacey Act
  • Wilderness Act
  • Closed System
  • Food Security Act
chlorofluorocarbons; destroy ozone layer
  • Nox
  • CFCs
  • Ozone
  • Vocs
the layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay
  • Litter
  • Topsoil
  • Humus
  • Subsoil
protects drinking water from toxic contamination through discharge
  • Clean Water Act
  • Safe Water and Drinking Act
  • Convention on the Law of the Sea
  • Superfund
tectonic plates that collide with each other
  • Divergent Plates
  • Convergent Plates
  • Convection
  • Transform Plates
the use, condition, or occupancy of an area or object
  • Physical Hazard
  • Cogeneration
  • Biological Hazard
  • Intrinsic Value
the rate at which energy is produced in an ecosystem
  • Species Diversity
  • Doubling Time
  • Cogeneration
  • Gross Primary Productivity
the layer of soil on the surface
  • Litter
  • Humus
  • Topsoil
  • Subsoil
the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another through direct contact
  • Conduction
  • Albedo
  • Evapotranspiration
  • Convection
the negative consequences in a population when genetically similar parents reproduce weak offspring
  • Negative Feedback Loop
  • Invasive Species
  • Biodiversity
  • Inbreeding Depression
measures the number of children born per woman
  • Total Fertility Rate
  • Replacement Fertility Rate
  • Crude Birth Rate
  • Growth Rate
maximum rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions
  • Exponential Growth
  • Biotic Potential
  • Growth Rate
  • Population Density
dung/urine of animals used as a form of organic fertilizer
  • Erosion
  • Animal Manure
  • Fecal Coliform
  • Remediation
species that enter new ecosystems and harm native species and their habitats
  • Keystone Species
  • Indicator Species
  • Invasive Species
  • Eutrophication
the scientific study of population characteristics
  • Island Biogeography
  • Demography
  • Demographic Transition
  • Growth Rate
method of determining the age of a fossil (comparing fossil placement)
  • Absolute Dating
  • Radiometric Dating
  • Metamorphic Rock
  • Relative Dating
a species that impacts the survival of many species
  • Indicator Species
  • Invasive Species
  • Umbrella Species
  • Keystone Species
competition between members of the same species
  • Intraspecific Competition
  • Biological Wealth
  • Zero Population Growth
  • Instrumental Value
any living organism or waste of living organism that contributes to disease
  • Genetic Diversity
  • Physical Hazard
  • Biological Hazard
  • Biomagnification
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