Response to low blood glucose
  • 1. Pancreas releases glucagon 2. Liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose to the blood 3. Blood glucose increases to normal
  • Yes, ADH is synthesized mainly in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is stored in the posterior pituitary in axon terminals.
  • The axon terminals of neurons of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tracts store and secrete ADH and oxytocin in the capillaries of the inferior hypophyseal artery.
  • 1. Pancreas releases insulin 2. Body cells take up more glucose and liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen 3. Blood glucose decreases to normal
Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?thyroid hormoneinsulincortisol
  • Yes, suckling of the infant (or stretching of the uterus) increases release of oxytocin, which causes the milk let-down effect (or increased uterine contractions).
  • The parathyroid glands secrete PTH, which increases blood calcium levels.
  • Yes, cortisol is one of the lipid-soluble steroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are also lipid soluble.
  • yes, thyroid hormones are lipid soluble and their receptors are bound to the response elements of the DNA.
Which of the following glands increases blood calcium levels?thyroidpituitaryparathyroidadrenal
  • Thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to release the hormone thyroxin, which increases metabolism in the body.
  • Yes, cortisol is one of the lipid-soluble steroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are also lipid soluble.
  • yes, thyroid hormones are lipid soluble and their receptors are bound to the response elements of the DNA.
  • The parathyroid glands secrete PTH, which increases blood calcium levels.
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are intermediary hormones stimulated by which of the following hormones?thyroid hormonesGH (growth hormone)prolactin (PRL)oxytocin
  • Yes, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol. Stress and ACTH are the main stimuli for cortisol.
  • Yes, GH stimulates IGFs from the liver. IGFs are required for the growth effect of GH on bone and skin.
  • Yes, cortisol is one of the lipid-soluble steroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are also lipid soluble.
  • Thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to release the hormone thyroxin, which increases metabolism in the body.
Which of the following hormones stimulates an increase in basal metabolic rate as a tropic hormone?adrenocorticotropic hormonefollicle-stimulating hormonethyroid-stimulating hormoneprolactin
  • The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids.Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids which are metabolic hormones. Zona Reticularis: gonadocorticoids. Medulla: catecholamins (Epinephrine and NE)
  • Yes, suckling of the infant (or stretching of the uterus) increases release of oxytocin, which causes the milk let-down effect (or increased uterine contractions).
  • Insulin binds to receptor proteins in most body cells and allows membrane transport of glucose into these cells.
  • Thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to release the hormone thyroxin, which increases metabolism in the body.
Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?insulinepinephrinecortisol
  • yes, thyroid hormones are lipid soluble and their receptors are bound to the response elements of the DNA.
  • Yes, cortisol is one of the lipid-soluble steroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are also lipid soluble.
  • Yes, suckling of the infant (or stretching of the uterus) increases release of oxytocin, which causes the milk let-down effect (or increased uterine contractions).
  • Insulin binds to receptor proteins in most body cells and allows membrane transport of glucose into these cells.
Which of these conditions would promote aldosterone release from the adrenal glands? pg 618 textbookA drop in blood pressure is sensed in the kidney. Blood potassium levels fall. An increase in blood pressure is sensed in the heart. The body becomes parasympathetically activated.
  • The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids.Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids which are metabolic hormones. Zona Reticularis: gonadocorticoids. Medulla: catecholamins (Epinephrine and NE)
  • A drop in blood pressure would cause the kidney to release renin, a hormone that will eventually promote the release of aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.
  • Thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to release the hormone thyroxin, which increases metabolism in the body.
  • Yes, suckling of the infant (or stretching of the uterus) increases release of oxytocin, which causes the milk let-down effect (or increased uterine contractions).
What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?control secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)control secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)control secretion of oxytocincontrol secretion of thyroid hormones
  • The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids.Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids which are metabolic hormones. Zona Reticularis: gonadocorticoids. Medulla: catecholamins (Epinephrine and NE)
  • Yes, neurohormones from the ventral hypothalamic neurons, known as releasing (RH) and inhibiting (IH) hormones, control the release of anterior pituitary hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and TSH.
  • Yes, suckling of the infant (or stretching of the uterus) increases release of oxytocin, which causes the milk let-down effect (or increased uterine contractions).
  • Yes, negative feedback controls the levels of circulating thyroid hormone. If levels are high, negative feedback will decrease thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to some degree), thus decreasing the thyroid hormones.
Which of the following best describes the hypoglycemic effect of insulin? [Histology of a pancreatic islet (islet of Langerhans).] pg 622-625Insulin allows entry of glucose into most body cells. Insulin encourages release of glucose into the blood by liver cells. Insulin encourages synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and noncarbohydrate molecules. Insulin encourages catabolism of glycogen into glucose.
  • Yes, suckling of the infant (or stretching of the uterus) increases release of oxytocin, which causes the milk let-down effect (or increased uterine contractions).
  • Yes, cortisol is one of the lipid-soluble steroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are also lipid soluble.
  • Thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to release the hormone thyroxin, which increases metabolism in the body.
  • Insulin binds to receptor proteins in most body cells and allows membrane transport of glucose into these cells.
Where are the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stored?
  • The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids.Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids which are metabolic hormones. Zona Reticularis: gonadocorticoids. Medulla: catecholamins (Epinephrine and NE)
  • Yes, ADH is synthesized mainly in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is stored in the posterior pituitary in axon terminals.
  • The parathyroid glands secrete PTH, which increases blood calcium levels.
  • The axon terminals of neurons of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tracts store and secrete ADH and oxytocin in the capillaries of the inferior hypophyseal artery.
Which letter represents the hormone that promotes a decrease in blood pressure and a loss of sodium and water in urine?
  • The parathyroid glands secrete PTH, which increases blood calcium levels.
  • yes, thyroid hormones are lipid soluble and their receptors are bound to the response elements of the DNA.
  • The letter D indicates atrial natriuretic peptide, which is released from the heart when high blood pressure is sensed. It causes more sodium ("natrium") to be placed in the urine ("uretic").Not Angiotensin II bc Angiotensin II is produced when blood pressure or blood volume is low. Angiotensin II stimulates the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium in the blood and promotes an increase in blood volume and/or blood pressure.
  • Yes, suckling of the infant (or stretching of the uterus) increases release of oxytocin, which causes the milk let-down effect (or increased uterine contractions).
Which of the following pairs correctly matches the adrenal gland zone, or area, with the class of hormones it produces?zona reticularis: aldosteronezona fasciculata: catecholemineszona glomerulosa: mineralocorticoidsmedulla: glucocorticoids
  • Yes, suckling of the infant (or stretching of the uterus) increases release of oxytocin, which causes the milk let-down effect (or increased uterine contractions).
  • A drop in blood pressure would cause the kidney to release renin, a hormone that will eventually promote the release of aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.
  • Thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to release the hormone thyroxin, which increases metabolism in the body.
  • The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids.Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids which are metabolic hormones. Zona Reticularis: gonadocorticoids. Medulla: catecholamins (Epinephrine and NE)
Which of the following brain structures would cause central diabetes insipidus if it were damaged?ponscerebrumhypothalamuscerebellum
  • Yes, suckling of the infant (or stretching of the uterus) increases release of oxytocin, which causes the milk let-down effect (or increased uterine contractions).
  • Hypothalmus
  • Thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to release the hormone thyroxin, which increases metabolism in the body.
  • The parathyroid glands secrete PTH, which increases blood calcium levels.
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