a ______ inhibitor binds to a site on the enzyme that is not the active site
  • noncompetitive
  • carbon compounds
  • cofactor
  • Active Site
Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because
  • DNA molecules are transported out through the pores.
  • The enzyme is inactive at this point. New enzyme must be added to regain enzyme activity.
  • ribosomes
  • their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.
An enzyme _____.
  • add more of the enzyme.
  • is an organic catalyst
  • Centriole
  • LysosomeMitochondriaNucleus
Mitosis refers to _____.
  • central vacuoles
  • producing new cells
  • protection
  • cross-connections between cell walls
an excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway
  • Irreversible Inhibitor
  • feedback inhibition
  • add more of the enzyme.
  • plasma membrane
An allosteric enzyme
  • cell walls cell membranes ribosomes both cell walls and ribosomes
  • has an active site where substrate molecules bind and another site that binds with intermediate or end-product molecules
  • both plant cells and animal cells
  • the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
When do cells take on their unique characteristics?
  • smaller and lower in energy
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • During Embryonic Development
  • mitochondrion
The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) _____ reaction.
  • cell wall
  • endergonic
  • exergonic
  • Microfilaments
Which of these reactions requires a net input of energy from its surroundings?
  • microtubules
  • RNA molecules
  • endergonic
  • Golgi bodies
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.
  • nucleolus
  • substrate
  • cell wall
  • Nucleoli
According to the first law of thermodynamics
  • The amount of energy in the universe is constant. Chemical reactions do not create or destroy energy. Energy can change from one form to another. Both [The amount of energy in the universe is constant] and [Chemical reactions do not create or destroy energy].
  • The entropy of the products is greater than the entropy of the reactants.
  • take in and release materials
  • has an active site where substrate molecules bind and another site that binds with intermediate or end-product molecules
An enzyme is considered _____ because of its ability to recognize the shape of a particular molecule.
  • feedback inhibition
  • cell wall
  • specific
  • catalyst
a permanent loss of protein structure
  • chromatin
  • endergonic
  • denaturation
  • both ADP and Pi
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?
  • mitochondria
  • mitochondrion
  • RNA molecules
  • a space station orbiting Earth a person sitting on a couch while watching TV an archer with a flexed bow a rock on a mountain ledge the high-energy phosphate bonds of a molecule of ATP
The second law of thermodynamics states that:
  • endergonic
  • Energy tends to become increasingly more disorganized.
  • energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another
  • Microtubules and Intracellular Membranes
Amoeba move by using
  • pseudopods
  • centrioles
  • Nucleoid
  • Ribosomes
part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
  • peroxisome
  • catalyst
  • active site
  • Golgi bodies
Which of the following is(are) not components of all cells?
  • Plant Cell Wall
  • RNA molecules
  • cell wall
  • Each enzyme can catalyze a wide variety of different reactions.
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
  • Golgi bodies
  • centrioles
  • microtubules
  • Microfilaments
have microtubules in a 9 x 3 arrangement
  • microtubules
  • nucleolus
  • centrioles
  • Centriole
Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as _______ is to _______.
  • Golgi bodies
  • exergonic; endergonic
  • add more of the enzyme.
  • a catabolic pathway
These are the primary structures for the packaging of cellular secretions for export from the cell.
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • mitochondrion
  • Golgi bodies
  • chloroplasts
Which of the following statements about the combustion of glucose with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide (C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O) is correct?
  • whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
  • chloroplasts and central vacuoles
  • C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H20
  • The entropy of the products is greater than the entropy of the reactants.
Both Bacteria and Archaea have
  • ChloroplastCentral VacuoleCellulose Cell Wall
  • both plant cells and animal cells
  • ChloroplastsCentral VacuoleCell WallPlasmodesmata
  • cell walls cell membranes ribosomes both cell walls and ribosomes
Four of the five answers listed below can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Select theexception.
  • peroxisome
  • ribosome
  • endergonic
  • vesicles
Which of the following is NOT a way in which an enzyme can speed up the reaction that it catalyzes?
  • The enzyme is inactive at this point. New enzyme must be added to regain enzyme activity.
  • the free energy of the reactants and products
  • heat, carbon dioxide, and water
  • The active site can provide heat from the environment that raises the energy content of the substrate.
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.
  • nucleoid region
  • Active Site
  • microfilaments
  • plasma membrane
Which statements are true for chloroplasts?
  • temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell.
  • The energy from the hydrolysis of ATP may be directly coupled to endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule.
  • They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll. They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma.
  • both ADP and Pi
Modifies and packages proteins
  • denaturation
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Mitochondrion
  • Basal bodies
The process of cellular respiration, which converts simple sugars such as glucose into CO2 and water, is an example of _____.
  • endoplasmic reticula
  • C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H20
  • Microtubules
  • a catabolic pathway
You have an enzymatic reaction proceeding at the optimum pH and optimum temperature. You add a competitive inhibitor to the reaction and notice that the reaction slows down. What can you do to speed the reaction up again?
  • The enzyme is inactive at this point. New enzyme must be added to regain enzyme activity.
  • Add more substrate; it will outcompete the inhibitor and increase the reaction rate.
  • NucleusPlasma MembraneEndoplasmic ReticulumGolgi ApparatusCytoskeletonMitochondrion
  • add more of the enzyme.
Mitochondria are found in
  • carbon compounds
  • chloroplasts and central vacuoles
  • are both flat/thin and have folded membranes
  • both plant cells and animal cells
If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • add more of the enzyme.
  • synthesis of a fat molecule
  • the free energy of the reactants and products
Mitochondria convert the energy stored in ____ to usable energy for the cell.
  • carbon compounds
  • central vacuoles
  • plasma membrane
  • Central Vacuole
An enzyme is considered a _____ because it speeds up chemical reactions without being used up.
  • flagellum
  • catalyst
  • cell wall
  • specific
These contain enzymes and are the main organelles of intracellular digestion
  • endergonic
  • lysosomes
  • substrate
  • ribosome
Produces chemical energy ATP that can power the cell
  • It houses DNA.
  • Mitochondrion
  • activation
  • RNA molecules
These organelles are sometimes referred to as rough or smooth, depending on the structure.
  • exergonic; endergonic
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • lysosomes
  • endoplasmic reticula
Where are proteins synthesized?
  • Ribosomes
  • microtubules
  • nucleoid region
  • protein synthesis
Prokaryotic Only
  • Nucleoid
  • endergonic
  • Golgi bodies
  • Centriole
contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
  • chromatin
  • lysosomes
  • Golgi bodies
  • active site
Although it is too simple an explanation, the concept of a key fitting into a lock is descriptive of the
  • both plant cells and animal cells
  • matching of enzyme with substrate
  • chloroplasts and central vacuoles
  • add more of the enzyme.
Regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds
  • denaturation
  • noncompetitive
  • active site
  • Central Vacuole
store water, ions and organic compounds
  • RNA molecules
  • endergonic
  • Mitochondrion
  • central vacuoles
When properly aligned, the enzyme and substrate form an enzyme-substrate (ES) _____.
  • Golgi bodies
  • complex
  • cofactor
  • Ribosomes
Both Plant and Animal Cells
  • exergonic ... uphill enzyme ... protein potential energy ... positional energy exergonic ... spontaneous kinetic energy ... motion
  • When substrate molecules bind to the active site of the enzyme, the enzyme undergoes a slight change in shape.
  • 1. Endoplasmic Reticulum2. Cis Golgi Cisternae3. Medial Golgi Cisternae4. Trans Golgi Cisternae5. Plasma Membrane
  • NucleusPlasma MembraneEndoplasmic ReticulumGolgi ApparatusCytoskeletonMitochondrion
Structural features that contain the protein actin and help to control the shapes of cells are
  • microfilaments
  • Chloroplast
  • mitochondria
  • microtubules
What is the fate of the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP?
  • Golgi bodies
  • It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction
  • the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.
  • protection
  • microtubules
  • exergonic
  • Ribosomes
a_____ inhibitor has a structure that is so similar to a substrate that it can bond to the enzyme just like a substrate
  • plasma membrane
  • competitive
  • active site
  • substrate
Which reaction is NOT an exergonic reaction?
  • protein synthesis
  • endergonic
  • central vacuoles
  • phosphorylation
binding of a regulatory molecule changes the shape of the enzyme
  • substrate
  • protein synthesis
  • allosteric enzyme
  • endoplasmic reticula
What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?
  • substrate
  • specific
  • denatured
  • ribosomes
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
  • whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
  • DNA molecules are transported out through the pores.
  • endergonic
  • The entropy of the products is greater than the entropy of the reactants.
Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy?
  • Insulin, ER Protein, and Lysosomal Enzyme
  • peroxisome
  • mitochondrion
  • a space station orbiting Earth a person sitting on a couch while watching TV an archer with a flexed bow a rock on a mountain ledge the high-energy phosphate bonds of a molecule of ATP
Which of the following statements about the role of ATP in cell metabolism is true?
  • When substrate molecules bind to the active site of the enzyme, the enzyme undergoes a slight change in shape.
  • endergonic
  • The energy from the hydrolysis of ATP may be directly coupled to endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule.
  • C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H20
package cellular secretions for export
  • Basal bodies
  • protein synthesis
  • Golgi bodies
  • nucleolus
Which of the following are common in plants but not in animals?
  • The entropy of the products is greater than the entropy of the reactants.
  • chloroplasts and central vacuoles
  • C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H20
  • Each enzyme can catalyze a wide variety of different reactions.
Smooth ER
  • their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.
  • Microtubules and Intracellular Membranes
  • the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
  • Lipid SynthesisCalcium Ion StoragePoison Detoxification
rate of forward reaction equals rate of reverse reaction
  • flagellum
  • equilibrium
  • endergonic
  • Mitochondrion
Responsible for cell locomotion and the cell's structural characteristics.
  • lysosomes
  • Microfilaments
  • It houses DNA.
  • Chloroplast
What is the function of the nucleus?
  • Microtubules and Intracellular Membranes
  • It houses DNA.
  • peroxisome
  • mitochondrion
Serve as intracellular highways for transporting vesicles and organelles; they are also required for cellular locomotion via flagella and cilia.
  • Microtubules
  • a catabolic pathway
  • Mitochondrion
  • plasma membrane
What the competitive inhibitor competes with the substrate for on the enzyme
  • Golgi bodies
  • endergonic
  • Active Site
  • peroxisome
Which statement about the binding of enzymes and substrates is correct?
  • whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
  • The active site can provide heat from the environment that raises the energy content of the substrate.
  • The energy from the hydrolysis of ATP may be directly coupled to endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule.
  • When substrate molecules bind to the active site of the enzyme, the enzyme undergoes a slight change in shape.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
  • both ADP and Pi
  • take in and release materials
  • nucleoid region
  • pH salinity temperature cofactors
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
  • mitochondrion
  • protection
  • Microtubules and Intracellular Membranes
  • It houses DNA.
In a catalyzed reaction a reactant is often called a _____.
  • cell wall
  • reactant
  • substrate
  • ribosomes
The organelle that is compared to a whip and aids a cell to move is a
  • flagellum
  • exergonic
  • Chloroplast
  • complex
attaching a phosphate group by a high-energy bond
  • phosphorylation
  • noncompetitive
  • endergonic
  • denaturation
a copy of the hereditary information delivered to the ribosomes
  • DNA molecules are transported out through the pores.
  • microtubules
  • mitochondrion
  • RNA molecules
Plasmodesmata are
  • Insulin, ER Protein, and Lysosomal Enzyme
  • their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.
  • ChloroplastsCentral VacuoleCell WallPlasmodesmata
  • cross-connections between cell walls
Chromatin includes
  • both DNA and protein
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • take in and release materials
  • both ADP and Pi
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
  • microtubules
  • Golgi bodies
  • ribosomes
  • ribosome
When ATP releases its energy, it forms
  • It houses DNA.
  • central vacuoles
  • both ADP and Pi
  • Basal bodies
During enzyme-catalyzed reactions, substrate is a synonym for
  • flagellum
  • cell wall
  • specific
  • reactant
What are the surface apendages that allow bacterium to stick the surface?
  • enzyme
  • endergonic
  • vesicles
  • Pili
Enzymatic reactions can be affected by
  • LysosomesCentrosomes, with CentriolesFlagella
  • pH salinity temperature cofactors
  • heat, carbon dioxide, and water
  • protein synthesis
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
  • substrate
  • chromatin
  • nucleolus
  • cell wall
Where is calcium stored?
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • smaller and lower in energy
  • both plant cells and animal cells
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
Four of the five answers listed below are portions of a well-known theory. Select the exception.
  • the free energy of the reactants and products
  • add more of the enzyme.
  • All cells have a nucleus.
  • C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H20
Forms a covalent bond with an amino acid side group within the active site, which prevents the substrate from entering the active site or prevents catalytic activity
  • Irreversible Inhibitor
  • exergonic; endergonic
  • adenosine triphosphate
  • The enzyme is inactive at this point. New enzyme must be added to regain enzyme activity.
When the noncompetitive inhibitor is bonded to the enzyme, the shape of the _____ is distorted.
  • complex
  • vesicles
  • enzyme
  • endergonic
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?
  • chloroplasts and central vacuoles
  • microtubules
  • C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H20
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
Animal Cells Only
  • substrate
  • centrioles
  • endergonic
  • Centriole
convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
  • chloroplasts
  • catalyst
  • complex
  • Microfilaments
Organelles used to move chromosomes are the
  • microtubules
  • Basal bodies
  • Golgi bodies
  • mitochondrion
Which of the following is NOT true of enzyme behavior?
  • The energy from the hydrolysis of ATP may be directly coupled to endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule.
  • C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H20
  • Each enzyme can catalyze a wide variety of different reactions.
  • The entropy of the products is greater than the entropy of the reactants.
The reaction ADP + P --> ATP is a(n) _____ reaction.
  • Active Site
  • ribosomes
  • denaturation
  • endergonic
In Animal cells but not Plant cells
  • LysosomesCentrosomes, with CentriolesFlagella
  • temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell.
  • cell walls cell membranes ribosomes both cell walls and ribosomes
  • RibosomePlasmaMembraneFlagella
Enzyme inhibitors disrupt normal interactions between an enzyme and its
  • Microtubules
  • denatured
  • reactant
  • substrate
An organelle found in the nucleus is a
  • nucleoid region
  • nucleolus
  • endergonic
  • Nucleoid
Select the correct statement about chemical energy, a term used by biologists to refer to potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction.
  • DNA molecules are transported out through the pores.
  • The active site can provide heat from the environment that raises the energy content of the substrate.
  • Light energy is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis.
  • their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.
Cell Membrane same as
  • is an organic catalyst
  • Ribosomes
  • Plasma Membrane
  • producing new cells
encode hereditary information
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • DNA molecules
  • Ribosomes
  • microtubules
Enzymes are described as catalysts, which means that they _____.
  • increase the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
  • reducing EA
  • Insulin, ER Protein, and Lysosomal Enzyme
  • activation
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