Shared ancestral character
  • An evolutionary novelty unique to a clade.
  • 1.) Bacteria 2.) Archae3.) Eukarya
  • A character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon.
  • on average neutral mutations arise at a constant rate
Basal taxon
  • Refers to a lineage that diverges early in the history of a group.
  • are homologous genes within a species that result from gene duplication
  • A branch point from which more than two descendant groups emerge.
  • Represents the divergence of two evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor.
Branch Point
  • Refers to a lineage that diverges early in the history of a group.
  • An approach to systematics where ancestry is the primary criterion used to classify organisms.
  • Represents the divergence of two evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor.
  • are homologous genes within a species that result from gene duplication
Homoplasies
  • are homologous genes within a species that result from gene duplication
  • Are homologous genes found in different species as a result of speciation
  • Analogous structures that arose independently are also called homoplasies.
  • An approach to systematics where ancestry is the primary criterion used to classify organisms.
Orthologous genes
  • Are homologous genes found in different species as a result of speciation
  • Analogous structures that arose independently are also called homoplasies.
  • Represents the divergence of two evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor.
  • are homologous genes within a species that result from gene duplication
Sister taxa
  • Analogous structures that arose independently are also called homoplasies.
  • Represents the divergence of two evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor.
  • A discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.
  • Groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor.
Polytomy
  • Groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor.
  • A branch point from which more than two descendant groups emerge.
  • A discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.
  • Analogous structures that arose independently are also called homoplasies.
Molecular clock
  • An approach to systematics where ancestry is the primary criterion used to classify organisms.
  • Analogous structures that arose independently are also called homoplasies.
  • An approach for measuring the absolute time of evolutionary change based on the observation that some genes and other regions of genomes appear to evolve at constant rates.
  • on average neutral mutations arise at a constant rate
Paraphyletic
  • A group which consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of its descendants.
  • Is a species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage that includes the species we are studying.
  • The evolutionary history of a species or group of species.
  • Protista
Homology
  • A branch point from which more than two descendant groups emerge.
  • Analogous structures that arose independently are also called homoplasies.
  • Similarity due to convergent evolution
  • Similarity due to shared ancestry
Analogy
  • The lineage that includes the species we are studying.
  • Similarity due to shared ancestry
  • A branch point from which more than two descendant groups emerge.
  • Similarity due to convergent evolution
Cladistics
  • Analogous structures that arose independently are also called homoplasies.
  • Is a monophyletic grouping that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants
  • An approach to systematics where ancestry is the primary criterion used to classify organisms.
  • A discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.
Clade
  • Is a monophyletic grouping that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants
  • An approach to systematics where ancestry is the primary criterion used to classify organisms.
  • Analogous structures that arose independently are also called homoplasies.
  • Refers to a lineage that diverges early in the history of a group.
Phylogeny
  • An evolutionary novelty unique to a clade.
  • The evolutionary history of a species or group of species.
  • A branch point from which more than two descendant groups emerge.
  • are homologous genes within a species that result from gene duplication
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