From the human perspective, which of the following kinds of fungi would be considered the least useful or beneficial?
  • RustsRusts include destructive plant parasites
  • Hyphae form a network called a mycelium.
  • Sac-like structuresThe production of saclike structures during sexual reproduction is characteristic of the phylum Ascomycota.
  • GlomeromycotaNearly all glomeromycetes form arbuscular mycorrhizae.
Which of these contains two haploid nuclei?
  • MyceliumThe mycelium is a mass of filaments with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, which allows for efficient nutrient absorption.
  • the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycleThe heterokaryotic stage is produced by plasmogamy
  • Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic.Fungi are heterotrophic and absorb their nutrients, and plants are photosynthetic.
  • Hyphae are produced by mitosisThe spore undergoes mitosis to produce hyphae, which then form a filamentous network called a mycelium.
Fungi produce _____ spores.
  • Haploid
  • Diploid zygoteKaryogamy is the fusion of nuclei
  • Ascomycota
  • False
Fungi of the phylum Ascomycota are recognized on the basis of their production of _____ during sexual reproduction.
  • AbsorptionFungi are heterotrophs that acquire their nutrients by absorbing small molecules from the surrounding medium.
  • Sac-like structuresThe production of saclike structures during sexual reproduction is characteristic of the phylum Ascomycota.
  • Hyphae are produced by mitosisThe spore undergoes mitosis to produce hyphae, which then form a filamentous network called a mycelium.
  • Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic.Fungi are heterotrophic and absorb their nutrients, and plants are photosynthetic.
Which term describes the fusion of cytoplasm from two individuals?
  • MyceliumA mycelium is a network of filaments that forms the body of a fungus.
  • PlasmogamyPlasmogamy is the fusion of cytoplasm from different individuals.
  • karyogamy and meiosisDuring karyogamy, the haploid nuclei fuse, and meiosis produces genetic variation in several ways.
  • MyceliumThe mycelium is a mass of filaments with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, which allows for efficient nutrient absorption.
Plasmogamy is indicated by the letter _____.
  • PlasmogamyPlasmogamy is the fusion of cytoplasm from different individuals.
  • CKaryogamy produces a diploid zygote
  • The body of a multicellular fungus consists of a network of hyphae, which form an interwoven mass called a mycelium.Some hyphae, called septate hyphae, are divided into cells by crosswalls, or septa. Coenocytic hyphae do not have septa; these hyphae consist of a continuous cytoplasmic mass that contains many nuclei and organelles.
  • BPlasmogamy is the fusion of hyphae
How is the structure of a multicellular fungus organized?
  • The body of a multicellular fungus consists of a network of hyphae, which form an interwoven mass called a mycelium.Some hyphae, called septate hyphae, are divided into cells by crosswalls, or septa. Coenocytic hyphae do not have septa; these hyphae consist of a continuous cytoplasmic mass that contains many nuclei and organelles.
  • the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycleThe heterokaryotic stage is produced by plasmogamy
  • BPlasmogamy is the fusion of hyphae
  • CKaryogamy produces a diploid zygote
Where does meiosis occur in a mushroom?
  • AbsorptionFungi are heterotrophs that acquire their nutrients by absorbing small molecules from the surrounding medium.
  • the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycleThe heterokaryotic stage is produced by plasmogamy
  • karyogamy and meiosisDuring karyogamy, the haploid nuclei fuse, and meiosis produces genetic variation in several ways.
  • BasidiaBasidia are specialized cells in the gills of a mushroom in which haploid nuclei fuse in preparation for meiosis.
Which of the following is a difference between plants and fungi?
  • MyceliumThe mycelium is a mass of filaments with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, which allows for efficient nutrient absorption.
  • Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic.Fungi are heterotrophic and absorb their nutrients, and plants are photosynthetic.
  • Hyphae are produced by mitosisThe spore undergoes mitosis to produce hyphae, which then form a filamentous network called a mycelium.
  • the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycleThe heterokaryotic stage is produced by plasmogamy
Fungi form mutualistic relationships with plants and animals. Which of the following is an example of such a relationship?Fungi help break down plant material in the guts of grazing mammals.Fungi help break down wood in the guts of termites.Fungi can help increase drought tolerance in plantsEndophytes in leaves produce toxins that deter herbivores.
  • Sac-like structuresThe production of saclike structures during sexual reproduction is characteristic of the phylum Ascomycota.
  • AbsorptionFungi are heterotrophs that acquire their nutrients by absorbing small molecules from the surrounding medium.
  • Hyphae are produced by mitosisThe spore undergoes mitosis to produce hyphae, which then form a filamentous network called a mycelium.
  • all of the aboveFungi enter into these and many other mutualistic relationships with other organisms
The body of most fungi consists of threadlike _____, which form a network called a _____.
  • MyceliumA mycelium is a network of filaments that forms the body of a fungus.
  • Hyphae form a network called a mycelium.
  • RustsRusts include destructive plant parasites
  • Hyphae are produced by mitosisThe spore undergoes mitosis to produce hyphae, which then form a filamentous network called a mycelium.
The diploid phase of the life cycle is shortest in which of the following?
  • karyogamy and meiosisDuring karyogamy, the haploid nuclei fuse, and meiosis produces genetic variation in several ways.
  • Sac-like structuresThe production of saclike structures during sexual reproduction is characteristic of the phylum Ascomycota.
  • Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic.Fungi are heterotrophic and absorb their nutrients, and plants are photosynthetic.
  • FungusMost fungi are haploid except for a very brief diploid stage that is seen only when a fungus reproduces sexually.
Which of the following events occurs first in the development of a spore into a mature mushroom?
  • Sac-like structuresThe production of saclike structures during sexual reproduction is characteristic of the phylum Ascomycota.
  • Hyphae are produced by mitosisThe spore undergoes mitosis to produce hyphae, which then form a filamentous network called a mycelium.
  • the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycleThe heterokaryotic stage is produced by plasmogamy
  • Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic.Fungi are heterotrophic and absorb their nutrients, and plants are photosynthetic.
Almost all of the members of this phylum form arbuscular mycorrhizae in a mutualistic partnership with plants.
  • GlomeromycotaNearly all glomeromycetes form arbuscular mycorrhizae.
  • MyceliumA mycelium is a network of filaments that forms the body of a fungus.
  • help plants take up nutrients and waterMycorrhizae are mutualistic associations with the roots of plants, which enhance the absorption of nutrients.
  • PlasmogamyPlasmogamy is the fusion of cytoplasm from different individuals.
Which structure is not directly involved in the reproduction of at least one major group of fungi?
  • Hyphae are produced by mitosisThe spore undergoes mitosis to produce hyphae, which then form a filamentous network called a mycelium.
  • PlasmogamyPlasmogamy is the fusion of cytoplasm from different individuals.
  • MyceliumA mycelium is a network of filaments that forms the body of a fungus.
  • MyceliumThe mycelium is a mass of filaments with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, which allows for efficient nutrient absorption.
What sexual processes in fungi generate genetic variation?
  • karyogamy and meiosisDuring karyogamy, the haploid nuclei fuse, and meiosis produces genetic variation in several ways.
  • Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic.Fungi are heterotrophic and absorb their nutrients, and plants are photosynthetic.
  • PlasmogamyPlasmogamy is the fusion of cytoplasm from different individuals.
  • MyceliumThe mycelium is a mass of filaments with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, which allows for efficient nutrient absorption.
Cup fungi are in the phylum _____.
  • Diploid zygoteKaryogamy is the fusion of nuclei
  • Haploid
  • AbsorptionFungi are heterotrophs that acquire their nutrients by absorbing small molecules from the surrounding medium.
  • Ascomycota
Karyogamy produces a _____.
  • Haploid
  • GlomeromycotaNearly all glomeromycetes form arbuscular mycorrhizae.
  • Ascomycota
  • Diploid zygoteKaryogamy is the fusion of nuclei
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