Pangaea
  • What is the name of the supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener?
  • ____ is an example of a transform plate boundary.
  • What statement best describes Wegener's idea of continental drift?
  • Which of the following statements about Earth's magnetic field is most accurate?
Transform faults**Transform faults account for the lateral offset that is seen along divergent boundaries.
  • Crustal rifting is currently occurring in East Africa. Which feature would you expect to find there?
  • Divergent boundaries are not one, smooth ridge of separation. Instead, they are broken into a series of segments, with different segments of fault offset from others. What features allow for the offset of divergent boundaries?
  • Plate A has oceanic lithosphere on its leading edge that is 10 million years old. Plate B has oceanic lithosphere on its leading edge that is 200 million years old. Which plate will be subducted if they collide with each other, and why?
  • Depending on the type of plate convergence, different features could result. Examples of these features include volcanic island arcs, continental volcanic arcs, and a collisional mountain chain.
The continental shelves are the edges of the continent. The shoreline simply shows where the sea level is in relation to topography.**Depending on sea level, continental shelves are often underwater and below the erosive effects of wave action.
  • When matching up once-joined continents such as South America and Africa, the coastlines do not fit together as nicely as the continental shelves. Why might this be the case?
  • What statement best describes Wegener's idea of continental drift?
  • The East African rift is a divergent plate boundary that is splitting the continent of Africa into two pieces. What will eventually form around this divergent boundary?
  • Late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks often contain extensive coal seams that were used to support the existence of Pangaea. What would the climate have been at that time and at the location where the coal deposits were formed, and what would it indicate about the continent's past latitude?
Since oceanic plates are denser than the continental plates, they will subduct to great depths when they converge with continental plates. When two oceanic plates converge, the denser of the two will subduct; whereas when two continental plates converge, neither will subduct. Therefore, the resulting geologic feature depends on the types of plates that converge.
  • Identify each type of convergent plate boundary.
  • At a subduction zone where oceanic lithosphere meets continental lithosphere, which would subduct and why?
  • How is information about magnetic fields recorded in rocks?
  • What forms at divergent plate boundaries?
Continental plates are too buoyant to subduct.**Continental lithosphere has a density of 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter, making it unlikely to subduct.
  • Crustal rifting is currently occurring in East Africa. Which feature would you expect to find there?
  • What statement best describes Wegener's idea of continental drift?
  • Which type of tectonic boundary is the result of two tectonic plates colliding with each other?
  • In a collision between two continental plates, can a continental plate subduct? Why or why not?
divergent
  • Which term best characterizes up-welling in the Asthenosphere?
  • Which tectonic boundary results when two tectonic plates pull apart from each other?
  • Which type of tectonic boundary is the result of two tectonic plates colliding with each other?
  • Which type of plate boundary is most closely associated with the formation of new ocean floor?
Earth's magnetic field switches polarity at irregular time intervals.
  • Which of the following statements about Earth's magnetic field is most accurate?
  • Which part of the Earth is responsible for generating the planet's magnetic field?
  • How was the fossil record of ancient life used to support Wegener's hypothesis about Pangaea?
  • Which tectonic boundary results when two tectonic plates pull apart from each other?
Iron particles in magnetically susceptible minerals within basaltic lava align with the magnetic field of the Earth while the lava is still liquid and then freeze in position when the lava solidifies.**Particles of iron will align while the material is still molten, but are locked into place once the lava hardens.
  • What statement best describes Wegener's idea of continental drift?
  • Why are volcanic chains associated with convergent boundaries?
  • What is the name of the supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener?
  • How is information about magnetic fields recorded in rocks?
Forces at subduction zones account for most tectonic plate motion.
  • Which scientist developed the idea of Continental Drift?
  • What accounts for most tectonic plate motion?
  • In general, what is our best evidence that the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has changed over time?
  • What is the relationship between temperature and density?
The rigid lithosphere plates overlay the hotter and weaker asthenosphere.
  • Which statement about the theory of plate tectonics is correct?
  • Which of the following statements about Earth's magnetic field is most accurate?
  • Which tectonic boundary results when two tectonic plates pull apart from each other?
  • What statement best describes Wegener's idea of continental drift?
In general, warmer materials are less dense, and colder materials are more dense.
  • What is the name of the supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener?
  • In general, what is our best evidence that the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has changed over time?
  • What is the relationship between temperature and density?
  • What statement best describes Wegener's idea of continental drift?
A compass points toward the North Pole during normal polarity and to the South Pole during reverse polarity.
  • Which tectonic boundary results when two tectonic plates pull apart from each other?
  • How are normal polarity and reverse polarity of Earth's magnetic field different?
  • Which part of the Earth is responsible for generating the planet's magnetic field?
  • Why are volcanic chains associated with convergent boundaries?
Volcanoes are not found at transform boundaries because they do not cause changes to the pressure, temperature, or composition of the mantle.
  • How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
  • Why are volcanoes NOT found at transform boundaries?
  • What features at the surface provide evidence of plumes?
  • What statement best describes Wegener's idea of continental drift?
an ocean
  • ____ is an example of a feature associated with an oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary?
  • Which type of plate boundary is most closely associated with the formation of new ocean floor?
  • When matching up once-joined continents such as South America and Africa, the coastlines do not fit together as nicely as the continental shelves. Why might this be the case?
  • The East African rift is a divergent plate boundary that is splitting the continent of Africa into two pieces. What will eventually form around this divergent boundary?
Small marine fossils in deep-sea sediments give the age of the portions of the seafloor**Fossils are very useful in determining geologic ages.
  • How are normal polarity and reverse polarity of Earth's magnetic field different?
  • In a collision between two continental plates, can a continental plate subduct? Why or why not?
  • How were scientists able to determine the date of the magnetic reversals during seafloor spreading?
  • Which type of tectonic boundary is the result of two tectonic plates colliding with each other?
Fossils of identical organisms were found on several continents, indicating the continents were once joined.**When organisms are separated into two smaller groups by a physical barrier (i.e., the Atlantic Ocean), then they follow different evolutionary paths. The organisms Wegener cited were identical on both continents.
  • Which of the following statements about Earth's magnetic field is most accurate?
  • How are normal polarity and reverse polarity of Earth's magnetic field different?
  • How is information about magnetic fields recorded in rocks?
  • How was the fossil record of ancient life used to support Wegener's hypothesis about Pangaea?
In general,earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur at both divergent plate boundaries AND convergent plate boundaries.
  • What accounts for most tectonic plate motion?
  • What is the relationship between temperature and density?
  • Which scientist developed the idea of Continental Drift?
  • In general, where do earthquakes AND volcanic eruptions occur?
Partial melting occurs due to subduction.**Partial melting is triggered by water loss in the plate. This melts mantle material, which rises to the surface.
  • Why are volcanic chains associated with convergent boundaries?
  • In a collision between two continental plates, can a continental plate subduct? Why or why not?
  • How are normal polarity and reverse polarity of Earth's magnetic field different?
  • Crustal rifting is currently occurring in East Africa. Which feature would you expect to find there?
Divergent boundaries**Divergent boundaries form because of tensional stress.
  • Which type of plate boundary is most closely associated with the formation of new ocean floor?
  • How are normal polarity and reverse polarity of Earth's magnetic field different?
  • Which term best characterizes up-welling in the Asthenosphere?
  • Which tectonic boundary results when two tectonic plates pull apart from each other?
Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries.
  • How do plates move at transform plate boundaries?
  • How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
  • What features at the surface provide evidence of plumes?
  • How do plates move at divergent plate boundaries?
Diffuse
  • What features at the surface provide evidence of plumes?
  • What is the name of the supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener?
  • Which term best characterizes up-welling in the Asthenosphere?
  • Which type of plate boundary is most closely associated with the formation of new ocean floor?
Core**The field is generated in the outer part of the core, which is believed to be a liquid iron alloy.
  • How are normal polarity and reverse polarity of Earth's magnetic field different?
  • Which part of the Earth is responsible for generating the planet's magnetic field?
  • Which type of tectonic boundary is the result of two tectonic plates colliding with each other?
  • Which tectonic boundary results when two tectonic plates pull apart from each other?
In general, volcanoes form on the overriding plate, away form the convergent boundary.
  • What accounts for most tectonic plate motion?
  • What is the relationship between temperature and density?
  • In general, where do earthquakes AND volcanic eruptions occur?
  • In general, where do volcanoes form in subduction zones?
Plates slide past one another at transform plate boundaries.
  • How do plates move at divergent plate boundaries?
  • How do plates move at transform plate boundaries?
  • How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
  • What forms at divergent plate boundaries?
Once the volcanoes become completely dormant, they can be called mountains. Similarly, when the volcanic activity in the volcanic arc islands stops, they would appear and have the characteristics of islands.
  • When matching up once-joined continents such as South America and Africa, the coastlines do not fit together as nicely as the continental shelves. Why might this be the case?
  • Plate A has oceanic lithosphere on its leading edge that is 10 million years old. Plate B has oceanic lithosphere on its leading edge that is 200 million years old. Which plate will be subducted if they collide with each other, and why?
  • Depending on the type of plate convergence, different features could result. Examples of these features include volcanic island arcs, continental volcanic arcs, and a collisional mountain chain.
  • Divergent boundaries are not one, smooth ridge of separation. Instead, they are broken into a series of segments, with different segments of fault offset from others. What features allow for the offset of divergent boundaries?
The climate would have been a warm, humid climate near the Equator.**Swamp vegetation needs a lot of moisture and plenty of warm temperatures to thrive. The conditions would have been (and are today) present near the Equator.
  • Depending on the type of plate convergence, different features could result. Examples of these features include volcanic island arcs, continental volcanic arcs, and a collisional mountain chain.
  • When matching up once-joined continents such as South America and Africa, the coastlines do not fit together as nicely as the continental shelves. Why might this be the case?
  • Late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks often contain extensive coal seams that were used to support the existence of Pangaea. What would the climate have been at that time and at the location where the coal deposits were formed, and what would it indicate about the continent's past latitude?
  • Plate A has oceanic lithosphere on its leading edge that is 10 million years old. Plate B has oceanic lithosphere on its leading edge that is 200 million years old. Which plate will be subducted if they collide with each other, and why?
on both sides of the mid-ocean ridge
  • Which part of the Earth is responsible for generating the planet's magnetic field?
  • Where would you expect to see alternating bands of rock with different magnetic polarities?
  • Which of the following statements about Earth's magnetic field is most accurate?
  • How often does the Earth's magnetic field switch polarity?
The San Andreas Fault
  • ____ is an example of a feature associated with an oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary?
  • What features at the surface provide evidence of plumes?
  • ____ is an example of a transform plate boundary.
  • How do plates move at divergent plate boundaries?
Hot spots provide evidence of plumes.
  • What features at the surface provide evidence of plumes?
  • How often does the Earth's magnetic field switch polarity?
  • How do plates move at divergent plate boundaries?
  • How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
A record of Earth's magnetic field is recorded in oceanic rocks, which show a clear pattern of changes in Earth's magnetic polarity.
  • What is the relationship between temperature and density?
  • In general, what is our best evidence that the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has changed over time?
  • In general, where do earthquakes AND volcanic eruptions occur?
  • In general, where do volcanoes form in subduction zones?
A plume is a zone of up-welling material originating at the outer core-mantle boundary.
  • How do plates move at transform plate boundaries?
  • What is a plume?
  • What forms at divergent plate boundaries?
  • How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
Alfred Wegener
  • Which scientist developed the idea of Continental Drift?
  • What is the relationship between temperature and density?
  • In general, what is our best evidence that the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has changed over time?
  • In general, where do earthquakes AND volcanic eruptions occur?
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