Hairlike appendages that are thinner than flagella and are usually involved in attachment rather than motility
  • nucleoid
  • endotoxin.
  • vibrio.
  • Fimbriae
A plasmid that carries genes that encode resistance to antibiotics
  • mycelium
  • peripheral
  • R factor
  • Metabolic plasmid
The cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria
  • Stanier and Van Niel
  • False
  • move toward an attractant or away from a repellent.
  • A. retains the cytoplasm and its contents., B. acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing some molecules to pass while preventing the movement of others., C. is the major site of ATP synthesis in aerobes.
Bacterial cells that are variable in shape are called
  • spirochetes.
  • plasmolysis.
  • amphipathic.
  • pleomorphic.
__________ is the main part of the process through which a vegetative cell is formed from an endospore.
  • Germination
  • inclusions
  • peripheral
  • endotoxin.
A polymer of glucose units; it serves as a carbon storage reservoir for many bacteria
  • Glycogen
  • Pseudomurein
  • Endospore
  • Episome
Well organized polysaccharides outside the cell wall that are not easily washed off
  • False
  • Capsule
  • hyphae
  • coccus.
Inclusion bodies that serve as a reserve of enzymes and site of CO2 fixation
  • Ribosomes
  • Cyanophycin granules
  • Slime Layer
  • Carboxysomes
A unit of measure of the sedimentation velocity in a centrifuge
  • Svedburg Unit
  • pleomorphic
  • Sporangium
  • pleomorphic.
Square planar arrangement of cells that forms when round bacteria remain attached to each other during reproduction are called
  • integral
  • False
  • tetrads.
  • nucleoid
When the cell wall is removed from a Gram-negative bacterium without removing the outer membrane, the resulting form is called a(n) __________.
  • spheroplast
  • Sporulation
  • Metabolic plasmid
  • inclusions
Rigid bacteria with a helical cell shape are called
  • pleomorphic
  • pleomorphic.
  • spirilla.
  • Slime Layer
Flexible bacteria with a helical shape are called
  • spirochetes.
  • amphipathic.
  • monotrichous,
  • Sporogenesis
All of the following statements about the periplasmic space are true except:"It is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.""It contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins involved in nutrient acquisition."
  • it is found only in gram-positive bacteria.
  • hydrophilic, hydrophobic
  • They are required for host growth and/or reproduction.
  • spheroplast
Proteins that are embedded within the cytoplasmic membrane and not easily extracted are called __________ proteins.
  • tetrads.
  • integral
  • peptidoglycan
  • Archaea
Intracellular granules of organic or inorganic material that are stockpiled by bacteria for future use are called __________.
  • integral
  • inclusions
  • run, tumbles
  • Endospore
A plasmid that carries genes for a toxin, and thus renders the host bacterium pathogenic
  • R factor
  • Conjugative plasmid
  • Periplasmic Space
  • Virulence plasmid
Bacterial flagella are composed of three parts: the ______ body, which is embedded in the cell, the hook, and the _______, which is the longest part of the flagellum.
  • peptidoglycan
  • Slime Layer
  • basal, filament
  • exoenzymes
Movement toward chemical attractants or away from repellents
  • Sporogenesis
  • Chemotaxis
  • Sporangium
  • Carboxysomes
Plasma membrane and everything contained within
  • spirilla.
  • Protoplast
  • bacillus.
  • spirochetes.
A(n) __________ layer is a layer of protein or glycoprotein that exhibits a pattern resembling floor tiles.
  • Germination
  • Plasmid
  • S
  • capsule
Bacteria that do not have a fixed shape are said to be __________.
  • peripheral
  • nucleoid
  • pleomorphic
  • Pseudomurein
Proteins that are loosely associated with the cytoplasmic membrane are called __________proteins.
  • peripheral
  • integral
  • S-Layer
  • pleomorphic
Sortase is a protein enzyme of bacteria that
  • They are required for host growth and/or reproduction.
  • monotrichous,
  • catalyzes covalent attachment of some surface proteins to peptidoglycan.
  • proton motive force (PMF)
Although penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, bacterial cells will continue to grow normally in the presence of penicillin in a(n) __________ environment.
  • plasmids
  • isotonic
  • Plasmid
  • tetrads.
Export of flagellin subunits is mediated by
  • an apparatus in the basal body of the flagellum that is related to the type III secretion
  • catalyzes covalent attachment of some surface proteins to peptidoglycan.
  • They are required for host growth and/or reproduction.
  • A. has a needlelike structure through which proteins are secreted., B. includes structural features that may be evolutionarily related to the basal bodies of bacterial flagella., C. is found in gram-negative bacteria.
_______ is a peptidoglycan-like molecule found in the cell walls of some archaea.
  • Pseudomurein
  • Ribosomes
  • pleomorphic
  • Germination
Inclusion bodies that store extra nitrogen for bacteria
  • Cyanophycin granules
  • Carboxysomes
  • Axial Filament
  • amphipathic.
Bacteria have a region of the cytoplasm known as the __________, which is not bounded by a membrane but contains the chromosome.
  • tetrads.
  • inclusions
  • isotonic
  • nucleoid
A branched network of hyphae formed by the Actinomycetes is called a __________.
  • mycelium
  • coccus.
  • Episome
  • Glycocalyx
Diffuse, unorganized polysaccharides outside the cell wall that are easily removed
  • Slime Layer
  • fluid mosaic
  • S-Layer
  • Carboxysomes
A gap between the plasma membrane and the cell wall of bacteria
  • Axial Filament
  • Periplasmic Space
  • Sporangium
  • Stanier and Van Niel
The genus of bacteria that undergoes cell division in random planes, forming grapelike clusters of round bacteria, are the __________.
  • Metabolic plasmid
  • plasmolysis.
  • staphylococci
  • run, tumbles
The power used by most flagellar motors is produced by
  • Conjugative plasmid
  • vibrio.
  • coccus.
  • proton motive force (PMF)
Chemotaxis is a process by which bacteria
  • pleomorphic
  • it is found only in gram-positive bacteria.
  • move toward an attractant or away from a repellent.
  • A. has a needlelike structure through which proteins are secreted., B. includes structural features that may be evolutionarily related to the basal bodies of bacterial flagella., C. is found in gram-negative bacteria.
A flexible filament that is used for motility by spirochetes
  • Periplasmic Space
  • spirochetes.
  • Axial Filament
  • basal, filament
The term used to describe bacteria that are rod shaped is
  • False
  • mycelium
  • vibrio.
  • bacillus.
A plasmid that can exist independent of the host chromosome or be integrated into it
  • Metabolic plasmid
  • Archaea
  • Episome
  • exoenzymes
A structure formed by some species of bacteria that is resistant to some environmental stress
  • capsule
  • Episome
  • Endospore
  • Plasmid
Actinomycetes form long filaments called ___________.
  • False
  • amphipathic.
  • Archaea
  • hyphae
Organisms with peptidoglycan-like polymer with L-amino acids instead of D-amino acids
  • peripheral
  • S-Layer
  • Glycogen
  • Archaea
Lipids with polar and nonpolar ends are said to be
  • spirilla.
  • Cyanophycin granules
  • Archaea
  • amphipathic.
A circular, double-stranded DNA molecule in prokaryotes that can exist and replicate independently of the chromosome
  • capsule
  • nucleoid
  • Plasmid
  • Endospore
Bacterial and archaeal ribosomes are known as _____ ribosomes, based on their sedimentation coefficient.
  • True
  • capsule
  • False
  • 70S
The term used to describe bacteria that are intermediate in shape between spherical and rodshaped is
  • False
  • coccobacilli.
  • pleomorphic
  • Sporogenesis
The process of forming endospores within a vegetative cell
  • Sporangium
  • Sporulation
  • Sporogenesis
  • spheroplast
The most widely accepted current model for membrane structures is called the __________model.
  • fluid mosaic
  • Glycocalyx
  • pleomorphic
  • coccobacilli.
Bursting of cells that occur when cells are placed in hypotonic solution so that water flows in the cell
  • S-Layer
  • 70S
  • Lysis
  • False
Molecules or regions of molecules that readily interact with water are said to be __________, whereas molecules or regions of molecules that are insoluble in water or do not readily interact with water are said to be __________.
  • hydrophilic, hydrophobic
  • peptidoglycan
  • pili, fimbriae
  • Cyanophycin granules
Which of the following is not true of bacterial plasmids?
  • move toward an attractant or away from a repellent.
  • peptidoglycan
  • A. They help bacteria escape phagocytosis by host cells., B. They retain water and help prevent desiccation of the bacteria., C. They prevent entry of many bacterial viruses.
  • They are required for host growth and/or reproduction.
The term used to describe bacteria that have a spherical shape is
  • Sporogenesis
  • False
  • coccus.
  • vibrio.
__________ is the process through which endospores are formed within a vegetative cell.
  • Sporulation
  • Slime Layer
  • Sporangium
  • coccobacilli.
In many spirochetes, multiple flagella combine to form a bundle known as a(n)____________ fibril, which winds around the cell and confers motility on the cell.
  • axial
  • Archaea
  • False
  • inclusions
Proteinacious projections from the surface of a bacterium that are used to mediate conjugation are called sex __________, whereas projections that mediate attachment to surfaces such as host cells are called __________.
  • pili, fimbriae
  • basal, filament
  • run, tumbles
  • magnetosomes
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is also known as
  • plasmolysis.
  • fluid mosaic
  • endotoxin.
  • Endospore
The concept of a prokaryote was first fully outlined in 1962 by
  • Stanier and Van Niel
  • consist of a lipid monolayer.
  • fluid mosaic
  • Sporogenesis
The vegetative cell (mother cell) in which an endospore forms
  • spirochetes.
  • Sporangium
  • Sporogenesis
  • endotoxin.
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