Electrical and chemical signaling
  • Choose the set that includes the most charged compounds that are more abundant inside neurons, in the cytosol, than outside the neurons, in the extracellular fluid.
  • Ions move in the direction opposite to that favored by the chemical concentration gradient when______.
  • Of these choices, neuronal communication between the brain and the muscles of the leg is best conceptualized as______.
  • If the membrane potential of a neuron decreases, the membrane potential______.
Membrane depolarization first opens sodium channels and then opens potassium channels
  • Choose the set that includes the most charged compounds that are more abundant inside neurons, in the cytosol, than outside the neurons, in the extracellular fluid.
  • Ions move in the direction opposite to that favored by the chemical concentration gradient when______.
  • The simultaneous arrival of graded depolarization and a graded hyperpolarization of equal but opposite magnitude at a particular membrane is likely to______.
  • The plasma membrane of a neuron has voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels. What is the effect of membrane depolarization on these channels?
Potassium ions and proteins
  • Of these choices, neuronal communication between the brain and the muscles of the leg is best conceptualized as______.
  • The simultaneous arrival of graded depolarization and a graded hyperpolarization of equal but opposite magnitude at a particular membrane is likely to______.
  • The plasma membrane of a neuron has voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels. What is the effect of membrane depolarization on these channels?
  • Choose the set that includes the most charged compounds that are more abundant inside neurons, in the cytosol, than outside the neurons, in the extracellular fluid.
Some voltage-gated sodium channels are open
  • Ions move in the direction opposite to that favored by the chemical concentration gradient when______.
  • Which of the following characteristics determines when the refractory period ends?
  • In a neuron, during the depolarization phase that may trigger an action potential______.
  • If the membrane potential of a neuron decreases, the membrane potential______.
They are pumped by proteins that require ATP hydrolysis and when the electrical charge gradient repulses or attracts them
  • In a neuron, during the depolarization phase that may trigger an action potential______.
  • Of these choices, neuronal communication between the brain and the muscles of the leg is best conceptualized as______.
  • Which of the following characteristics determines when the refractory period ends?
  • Ions move in the direction opposite to that favored by the chemical concentration gradient when______.
How long it takes for the voltage-gated Na+ channels to reactive at the end of an action potential
  • In a neuron, during the depolarization phase that may trigger an action potential______.
  • The plasma membrane of a neuron has voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels. What is the effect of membrane depolarization on these channels?
  • Ions move in the direction opposite to that favored by the chemical concentration gradient when______.
  • Which of the following characteristics determines when the refractory period ends?
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