A client is suspected of having cirrhosis of the liver. What diagnostic procedure will the nurse prepare the client for in order to obtain a confirmed diagnosis? a) A CT scan b) A prothrombin time c) A liver biopsy d) Platelet cou
  • Liver biopsy
  • A liver biopsyCorrect Explanation: A liver biopsy, which reveals hepatic fibrosis, is the most conclusive diagnostic procedure. It can be performed in the radiology department with ultrasound or CT to identify appropriate placement of the trocar or biopsy needle. A prothrombin time and platelet count will assist with determining if the client is at increased risk for bleeding.
  • eposition the client every 2 hours.Explanation: Repositioning the client every 2 hours minimizes the risk of atelectasis in a client who is being treated for pancreatitis. The client should be instructed to cough every 2 hours to reduce atelectasis. Monitoring the pulse oximetry helps show changes in respiratory status and promote early intervention, but it would do little to minimize the risk of atelectasis. Withholding oral feedings limits the reflux of bile and duodenal contents into the pancreatic duct.
  • Vasopressin (Pitressin)
Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply.A mother brings her teenage son to the clinic, where tests show that he has hepatitis A virus (HAV). They ask the nurse how this could have happened. Which of the following explanations would the nurse correctly identify as possible causes? Select all that apply. a) Suboptimal sanitary habits b) Ingestion of undercooked beef c) Sexual activity d) Consumption of sewage-contaminated water or shellfish e) Infection at school
  • • Alterations in mood• Agitation• InsomniaExplanation: The earliest symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy include both mental status changes and motor disturbances. The patient appears confused and unkempt and has alterations in mood and sleep patterns. The patient tends to sleep during the day and has restlessness and insomnia at night. To assess for mental deterioration, the nurse will assess general behavior, orientation, and speech as well as cognitive abilities and speech patterns.
  • • Obese • Older than 40 years• Multiparous Correct Explanation: Two to three times more women than men develop cholesterol stones and gallbladder disease; affected women are usually older than 40 years, multiparous, and obese.
  • Correct response:• Infection at school• Suboptimal sanitary habits • Consumption of sewage-contaminated water or shellfish• Sexual activityExplanation: Typically, a child or a young adult acquires the infection at school through poor hygiene, hand-to-mouth contact, or close contact during play. The virus is carried home, where haphazard sanitary habits spread it through the family. An infected food handler can spread the disease, and people can contract it by consuming water or shellfish from sewage-contaminated waters. Outbreaks have occurred in day care centers and institutions as a result of poor hygiene among people with developmental disabilities. Hepatitis A can be transmitted during sexual activity. It is not contracted through the consumption of undercooked beef
  • Clay-colored feces
Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply.The nurse admits a woman reporting severe right upper quadrant pain after eating Christmas dinner. The nurse suspects gallbladder disease. Statistics show that incidence of gallbladder disease is greater for women who are a) Thin b) Multiparous c) Older than 40 years d) Obese
  • • Alterations in mood• Agitation• InsomniaExplanation: The earliest symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy include both mental status changes and motor disturbances. The patient appears confused and unkempt and has alterations in mood and sleep patterns. The patient tends to sleep during the day and has restlessness and insomnia at night. To assess for mental deterioration, the nurse will assess general behavior, orientation, and speech as well as cognitive abilities and speech patterns.
  • Correct response:• Infection at school• Suboptimal sanitary habits • Consumption of sewage-contaminated water or shellfish• Sexual activityExplanation: Typically, a child or a young adult acquires the infection at school through poor hygiene, hand-to-mouth contact, or close contact during play. The virus is carried home, where haphazard sanitary habits spread it through the family. An infected food handler can spread the disease, and people can contract it by consuming water or shellfish from sewage-contaminated waters. Outbreaks have occurred in day care centers and institutions as a result of poor hygiene among people with developmental disabilities. Hepatitis A can be transmitted during sexual activity. It is not contracted through the consumption of undercooked beef
  • • Obese • Older than 40 years• Multiparous Correct Explanation: Two to three times more women than men develop cholesterol stones and gallbladder disease; affected women are usually older than 40 years, multiparous, and obese.
  • eposition the client every 2 hours.Explanation: Repositioning the client every 2 hours minimizes the risk of atelectasis in a client who is being treated for pancreatitis. The client should be instructed to cough every 2 hours to reduce atelectasis. Monitoring the pulse oximetry helps show changes in respiratory status and promote early intervention, but it would do little to minimize the risk of atelectasis. Withholding oral feedings limits the reflux of bile and duodenal contents into the pancreatic duct.
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