Radiative energy is _________.
  • mass multiplied by velocity. Notice that because velocity includes direction, momentum also includes direction.
  • energy carried by light. Remember that radiation is often used as a synonym for light, so radiative energy is energy carried by light.
  • The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Thus, for example, air molecules are moving faster on average on a hot day than on a cool day
  • On the portion of Earth facing directly toward the Moon and on the portion of Earth facing directly away from the Moon. These are the approximate locations of the two tidal bulges. (Approximate because Earth's rotation pulls the bulge slightly ahead of the Earth-Moon line.)
Absolute zero is _________.
  • 0 KelvinThe Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero
  • kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
  • energy carried by light. Remember that radiation is often used as a synonym for light, so radiative energy is energy carried by light.
  • The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Thus, for example, air molecules are moving faster on average on a hot day than on a cool day
The difference between speed and velocity is that _________.
  • kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
  • ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. Ellipses are bound orbits, and parabolas and hyperbolas are both unbound.
  • It must attain escape velocity from Earth.
  • velocity also includes a direction. Velocity describes speed in a particular direction
The acceleration of gravity on Earth is approximately 10 m/s2 (more precisely, 9.8 m/s2). If you drop a rock from a tall building, about how fast will it be falling after 3 seconds?
  • It can be used to determine the masses of many distant objects. We can apply Newton's version of Kepler's third law whenever we observe one object orbiting another; this is the primary way that we measure masses throughout the universe.
  • 30 m/s. To find this answer, remember that the acceleration of gravity means that each second, an object's downward speed increases by 10 m/s. Therefore, if it starts from rest (speed = 0), after 1 second it is falling at 10 m/s, after 2 seconds it is falling at 20 m/s, and after 3 seconds it is falling at 30 m/s.
  • Orbital energy is the sum of the object's kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy as it moves through its orbit. Therefore, the object's orbital energy is conserved, even though its kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy may both vary along the orbit.
  • An object on a bound orbit follows the same path around the Sun over and over, whereas an object on an unbound orbit approaches the Sun just once and then never returns. This is the definition of bound and unbound orbits (around the Sun).
What does the term temperature measure?
  • The mass-energy, or potential energy stored in an object's mass. Notice that c2 is a large number, so this formula tells us that a small amount of mass contains a large amount of energy.
  • An object on a bound orbit follows the same path around the Sun over and over, whereas an object on an unbound orbit approaches the Sun just once and then never returns. This is the definition of bound and unbound orbits (around the Sun).
  • The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Thus, for example, air molecules are moving faster on average on a hot day than on a cool day
  • energy carried by light. Remember that radiation is often used as a synonym for light, so radiative energy is energy carried by light.
When a spinning ice skater pulls in his arms, he spins faster because _________.
  • It can be used to determine the masses of many distant objects. We can apply Newton's version of Kepler's third law whenever we observe one object orbiting another; this is the primary way that we measure masses throughout the universe.
  • decreases by a factor of 9. Gravity follows an inverse square law, so the force goes down with the square of the distance; in this case, increasing the distance by a factor of 3 causes the force to decrease by a factor of 32 = 9.
  • his angular momentum must be conserved, so reducing his radius must increase his speed of rotation. Remember that angular momentum is related to an objects mass times velocity time radius. The skater's mass stays the same but pulling in his arms reduces his "radius," so his velocity or rotation must increase to keep his angular momentum constant.
  • mass multiplied by acceleration. We often write this fact simply as F = ma.
What do we mean by the orbital energy of an orbiting object (such as a planet, moon, or satellite)?
  • It can be used to determine the masses of many distant objects. We can apply Newton's version of Kepler's third law whenever we observe one object orbiting another; this is the primary way that we measure masses throughout the universe.
  • An object on a bound orbit follows the same path around the Sun over and over, whereas an object on an unbound orbit approaches the Sun just once and then never returns. This is the definition of bound and unbound orbits (around the Sun).
  • Orbital energy is the sum of the object's kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy as it moves through its orbit. Therefore, the object's orbital energy is conserved, even though its kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy may both vary along the orbit.
  • On the portion of Earth facing directly toward the Moon and on the portion of Earth facing directly away from the Moon. These are the approximate locations of the two tidal bulges. (Approximate because Earth's rotation pulls the bulge slightly ahead of the Earth-Moon line.)
Momentum is defined as _________.
  • mass multiplied by velocity. Notice that because velocity includes direction, momentum also includes direction.
  • ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. Ellipses are bound orbits, and parabolas and hyperbolas are both unbound.
  • The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Thus, for example, air molecules are moving faster on average on a hot day than on a cool day
  • energy carried by light. Remember that radiation is often used as a synonym for light, so radiative energy is energy carried by light.
The energy attributed to an object by virtue of its motion is known as _________.
  • kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
  • It must attain escape velocity from Earth.
  • The total temperature of the objects
  • Orbital energy is the sum of the object's kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy as it moves through its orbit. Therefore, the object's orbital energy is conserved, even though its kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy may both vary along the orbit.
According to the universal law of gravitation, if you triple the distance between two objects, then the gravitational force between them _________.
  • mass multiplied by acceleration. We often write this fact simply as F = ma.
  • his angular momentum must be conserved, so reducing his radius must increase his speed of rotation. Remember that angular momentum is related to an objects mass times velocity time radius. The skater's mass stays the same but pulling in his arms reduces his "radius," so his velocity or rotation must increase to keep his angular momentum constant.
  • decreases by a factor of 9. Gravity follows an inverse square law, so the force goes down with the square of the distance; in this case, increasing the distance by a factor of 3 causes the force to decrease by a factor of 32 = 9.
  • An object on a bound orbit follows the same path around the Sun over and over, whereas an object on an unbound orbit approaches the Sun just once and then never returns. This is the definition of bound and unbound orbits (around the Sun).
Right now, where would you find a tidal bulge on Earth?
  • Orbital energy is the sum of the object's kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy as it moves through its orbit. Therefore, the object's orbital energy is conserved, even though its kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy may both vary along the orbit.
  • It can be used to determine the masses of many distant objects. We can apply Newton's version of Kepler's third law whenever we observe one object orbiting another; this is the primary way that we measure masses throughout the universe.
  • An object on a bound orbit follows the same path around the Sun over and over, whereas an object on an unbound orbit approaches the Sun just once and then never returns. This is the definition of bound and unbound orbits (around the Sun).
  • On the portion of Earth facing directly toward the Moon and on the portion of Earth facing directly away from the Moon. These are the approximate locations of the two tidal bulges. (Approximate because Earth's rotation pulls the bulge slightly ahead of the Earth-Moon line.)
In the formula E = mc2, what does E represent?
  • On the portion of Earth facing directly toward the Moon and on the portion of Earth facing directly away from the Moon. These are the approximate locations of the two tidal bulges. (Approximate because Earth's rotation pulls the bulge slightly ahead of the Earth-Moon line.)
  • Orbital energy is the sum of the object's kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy as it moves through its orbit. Therefore, the object's orbital energy is conserved, even though its kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy may both vary along the orbit.
  • The mass-energy, or potential energy stored in an object's mass. Notice that c2 is a large number, so this formula tells us that a small amount of mass contains a large amount of energy.
  • The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Thus, for example, air molecules are moving faster on average on a hot day than on a cool day
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