Which of the following gives off radiation:A--cell phonesB--ice cubesC--nuclear wasteD--starsE--all of the above
  • E--none
  • air flowing inward, clockwise
  • from the subtropical high flowing north to the sub polar low
  • all of the above
What are examples of potential energy?
  • food and gasoline
  • condensation
  • none of the above
  • heat
Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between air pressure and altitude?
  • winds blowing from northeast to southwest in the Northern Hemisphere, winds blowing southeast to northwest in the Southern Hemisphere
  • sensible heat flux is the predominant process for the loss of outgoing longwave radiation
  • as one moves up in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, as one moves closer to the earth's surface, pressure increases
  • Lower temperature, higher density, cold air sinks, higher pressure at surface
Setting aside Global Warming; the Earth's energy budget is essentially balanced (100% in- 100% out); however, absorption of long-wave radiation by the atmosphere keeps Earth's equilibrium temperature above freezing. What term is used to describe this influence?
  • the trophosphere
  • The Greenhouse effect
  • thermal (infrared)
  • none of the above
Which of the following is true?A) Air pressure decreases as air coolsB) Cooling causes a density decrease in a column of airC) Heating causes a density decrease in a column of airD) Heating causes a mass decrease in a column of airE) Surface pressure rises with air temperature
  • The Greenhouse effect
  • all of the above
  • water vapor, carbon dioxide
  • Heating causes a density decrease in a column of air
During the December solstice the __________________.
  • entire area poleward of the Article Circle remains out of sunlight.
  • -reduce the rate of weathering-decrease the amount of time that water remains in contact with rocks and soils-extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere-harden the soils
  • planetary albedo--30%atmospheric absorption--20%surface absorption--50%
  • Lower temperature, higher density, cold air sinks, higher pressure at surface
The atmosphere has ________, is bound to Earth by gravity, and exerts ________ that is greater near Earth's surface and decreases with altitude.
  • mass, pressure
  • burning fossil fuels
  • continentality
  • spherical shape; tilted axis
If you add 541 calories of heat to 1 gram of water whose temperature is 100 C the resultant temperature of the water will be around ___________________.
  • albedo
  • ITCZ
  • convection
  • 101 C
What is NOT an example of energy being absorbed by water?
  • condensation
  • convection
  • rotation
  • all directions
If you breathe on a mirror, part of the mirror clouds up. What are you actually seeing when you see the mirror cloud up?
  • At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric density than on the surface of the Earth
  • open systems can acquire matter and energy, but closed systems cannot.
  • planetary albedo--30%atmospheric absorption--20%surface absorption--50%
  • condensed water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath
The ideal gas law explains the relationship between what variables?
  • pressure, temperature and density
  • variable gases
  • energy transfer occurs when water changes state between solid, liquid, gas
  • matter, energy, or both, are constantly changing their position, amounts, or form
The cycling of chemical substances throughout the biosphere is accomplished through ________________.
  • the work of living things and physical and chemical processes
  • At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric density than on the surface of the Earth
  • sensible heat flux is the predominant process for the loss of outgoing longwave radiation
  • Lower temperature, higher density, cold air sinks, higher pressure at surface
At the theoretical Absolute Zero (zero Kelvins): _____________.
  • all molecular motion stops
  • temperature and density
  • air flowing inward, clockwise
  • all of the above
The exacerbation of seasonal temperature extremes experienced by continental interiors is best described by the term ______________.
  • conduction
  • thermal (infrared)
  • continentality
  • convection
The percentage of reflected radiation compared to the total incoming radiation is known as: _____________.
  • decrease
  • uplift
  • weather
  • albedo
When making macaroni and cheese you notice the noodles rising and falling in the boiling water. This is best explained through the process of _______________.
  • convection
  • continentality
  • condensation
  • none of these
We can see even in shadows because atmospheric gases do this to light: ______________.
  • convection
  • decrease
  • scatter it
  • conduction
Density is a measure of ________________.
  • mass per unit of volume
  • all molecular motion stops
  • semi-permanent high pressure
  • the temperature increases
Greenhouse gases--such as ____________, ____________, and methane--occur naturally in small amounts and absorb and release heat energy more efficiently than abundant atmospheric gases like nitrogen and oxygen.
  • burning fossil fuels
  • gases, liquid, and solid particles
  • Heating causes a density decrease in a column of air
  • water vapor, carbon dioxide
In what month is the Earth as a whole, farthest from the Sun?
  • counterclockwise
  • July
  • joule
  • albedo
___________ refers to the Earth spinning on its axis.
  • all directions
  • convection
  • water vapor
  • rotation
Getting the bottom of your feet burned when walking on hot beach sand is due to ____________.
  • all directions
  • conduction
  • latent heat
  • joule
Order these wavelengths (visible, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays, x-rays, radio) from shortest to longest.
  • energy transfer occurs when water changes state between solid, liquid, gas
  • matter, energy, or both, are constantly changing their position, amounts, or form
  • Gamma Rays, X-Rays, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Radio
  • the work of living things and physical and chemical processes
In the Southern Hemisphere, the westerlies are created by the Coriolis Effect acting on air ________________________.
  • condensed water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath
  • from the subtropical high flowing north to the sub polar low
  • all of the above
  • the work of living things and physical and chemical processes
On the June solstice: _____________________.
  • temperature and density
  • keep the Earth at a comfortable temperature
  • The subsolar point is 23.5 degrees North
  • the temperature increases
What atmospheric gas is made up of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms bonded together?A--argonB--carbon dioxideC--methaneD--ozoneE--none of the above
  • lower density
  • thermal (infrared)
  • none of the above
  • continentality
The amount of solar energy received at any point on Earth's surface varies due to among other things, Earth's _________, its daily rotation, and its ___________.
  • mass, pressure
  • they allow for negative values
  • spherical shape; tilted axis
  • water vapor, carbon dioxide
The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon whereby heat-trapping gases such as CO2 in the atmosphere, keep Earth's surface warm. What sort of human activities, are increasing the concentrations of some of these gases, and amplifying the natural greenhouse effect?
  • burning fossil fuels
  • The Greenhouse effect
  • thermal (infrared)
  • water vapor, carbon dioxide
What is true about the transfer of energy, matter, or momentum the atmosphere?
  • energy transfer occurs when water changes state between solid, liquid, gas
  • variable gases
  • pressure, temperature and density
  • as one moves up in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, as one moves closer to the earth's surface, pressure increases
Horizontal and vertical energy imbalances in the Earth system produced by ________ create movement in the atmosphere and the ocean.
  • gases, liquid, and solid particles
  • unequal heating of Earth's surface
  • condensed water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath
  • spherical shape; tilted axis
The international agreement to reduce the amount of CFC's entering the atmosphere is __________________.
  • the trophosphere
  • Montreal Protocol
  • matter, energy, or both, are constantly changing their position, amounts, or form
  • condensation
What best explains why mountain climbers sometimes carry oxygen tanks to breathe from?
  • At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric density than on the surface of the Earth
  • blue light, infrared, AM radio
  • Lower temperature, higher density, cold air sinks, higher pressure at surface
  • scatter it
Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of _______ with small, but important, quantities of _________.
  • spherical shape; tilted axis
  • gases, liquid, and solid particles
  • unequal heating of Earth's surface
  • air flowing inward, clockwise
The difference between open and closed systems is that __________.
  • condensed water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath
  • open systems can acquire matter and energy, but closed systems cannot.
  • Lower temperature, higher density, cold air sinks, higher pressure at surface
  • sensible heat flux is the predominant process for the loss of outgoing longwave radiation
A dynamic system refers to a system in which _____________.
  • matter, energy, or both, are constantly changing their position, amounts, or form
  • Gamma Rays, X-Rays, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Radio
  • pressure, temperature and density
  • open systems can acquire matter and energy, but closed systems cannot.
Which of the following circulation patterns is a characteristic of a cyclone or low pressure in the Southern Hemisphere?
  • all of the above
  • blue light, infrared, AM radio
  • as one moves up in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, as one moves closer to the earth's surface, pressure increases
  • air flowing inward, clockwise
Approaching the equator, the angle of incidence _________ and the atmosphere attenuation _________.
  • increases, decreases
  • latent heat
  • condensation
  • all of the above
Which properly describes surface winds within the Tropics?
  • Lower temperature, higher density, cold air sinks, higher pressure at surface
  • open systems can acquire matter and energy, but closed systems cannot.
  • winds blowing from northeast to southwest in the Northern Hemisphere, winds blowing southeast to northwest in the Southern Hemisphere
  • air flowing inward, clockwise
Subtropical Deserts are usually under the influence of _______________.
  • semi-permanent high pressure
  • the trophosphere
  • unequal heating of Earth's surface
  • mass per unit of volume
What is true regarding high or low pressure for a parcel of air at the surface?
  • At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric density than on the surface of the Earth
  • as one moves up in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, as one moves closer to the earth's surface, pressure increases
  • albedo
  • Lower temperature, higher density, cold air sinks, higher pressure at surface
Airborne particulates called ________ have a complex effect on Earth's energy balance: they can cause both cooling, by reflecting incoming sunlight back out to space, and warming, by absorbing and releasing heat energy in the atmosphere .
  • trade winds
  • aerosols
  • water vapor, carbon dioxide
  • E--none
What is an example of kinetic energy?
  • rotation
  • decrease
  • heat
  • albedo
Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by ________________.
  • condensation
  • photosynthesis
  • all directions
  • counterclockwise
Given the current axial tilt, how many days per year does Tuscaloosa experience a solar angle of 90 degrees (sun directly overhead at noon)?
  • none of the above
  • weather
  • no days
  • aerosols
All of the following involve the input of energy EXCEPT: ____________.
  • all directions
  • freezing
  • all of the above
  • conduction
Ozone is ________________.
  • the rotation of Earth on its axis
  • entire area poleward of the Article Circle remains out of sunlight.
  • The subsolar point is 23.5 degrees North
  • destroyed by halogens in chlorofluorocarbons
The Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures scales have a signficant shortcoming not shared by the Kelvin scale, which is that: ________________.
  • the temperature increases
  • the work of living things and physical and chemical processes
  • they allow for negative values
  • unequal heating of Earth's surface
When we say "heat rises", it is because heat causes fluids (air, water) to expand. This expansion means the same number of molecules occupy a greater space, resulting in _________________.
  • condensation
  • continentality
  • lower density
  • none of these
As the temperature of an object increases, total energy emitted will ________________.
  • counterclockwise
  • decrease
  • albedo
  • mass, pressure
Arrange the types of electromagnetic radiation in the proper decreasing order of energy.
  • blue light, infrared, AM radio
  • air flowing inward, clockwise
  • gases, liquid, and solid particles
  • unequal heating of Earth's surface
The thermal layer of the atmosphere with the greatest density is: ____________.
  • none of these
  • the trophosphere
  • continentality
  • the work of living things and physical and chemical processes
All of the following are true regarding the earth's radiation balance EXCEPT: ___________.
  • freezing
  • sensible heat flux is the predominant process for the loss of outgoing longwave radiation
  • from the subtropical high flowing north to the sub polar low
  • winds blowing from northeast to southwest in the Northern Hemisphere, winds blowing southeast to northwest in the Southern Hemisphere
On a surface pressure map, more closely spaced isobars will indicate: ___________.
  • stronger winds
  • scatter it
  • all directions
  • trade winds
The law that essentially states that "Hotter objects emit more energy than cooler ones" is ___________________.
  • energy transfer occurs when water changes state between solid, liquid, gas
  • variable gases
  • Stefan-Boltzmann Law
  • Gamma Rays, X-Rays, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Radio
What two variables determine air pressure?
  • condensation
  • none of the above
  • the temperature increases
  • temperature and density
________ is the short term phenomena that occur in the atmosphere such as temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation.
  • weather
  • latent heat
  • rotation
  • increases, decreases
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