A disturbance to or undesirable consequences of some aspect of the social system.
  • Dysfunction
  • Culture Shock
  • Anomie
  • Conflict
A social institution that is relatively stable over time and that meets the needs of society by performing functions necessary to maintain social order and stability.
  • Conflict
  • Society
  • Sociological Imagination
  • Structure
The sense of dissatisfaction the modern worker feels as a result of producing goods that are owned and controlled by someone else, according to Marx.
  • Social Inequality
  • Anomie
  • Rationalization
  • Alienation
A political system based on the collective ownership of the means of production, opposed to capitalism.
  • Capitalism
  • Social Darwinism
  • Communism
  • Socialism
A quality of the mind that allows us to understand the relationship between our individual circumstances and larger social forces. (C. WRIGHT MILLS)
  • Sociological imagination
  • Anomie
  • Sociology
  • Verstehen
In sociology, abstract propositions that explain the social world and make predictions about the future.
  • Means Of Production
  • Structure
  • Culture Shock
  • Theories
An approach that integrates empiricism and grand theory.
  • Postmodernism
  • Conflict Theory
  • Symbolic Interactionism
  • Midrange Theory
"Social Physics" Invented the idea of positivism.
  • Auguste Comte
  • Emile Durkheim
  • Herbert Spencer
  • Karl Marx
Term developed by Emile Durkheim to describe the type of social bongs present in modern societies based on difference, interdependence, and individual rights.
  • Anomie
  • Mechanical Solidarity
  • Collective Conscience
  • Organic Solidarity
Max Weber's pessimistic description of modern life, in which we are caught in bureaucratic structures that control our lives through rigid rules and rationalization.
  • Iron Cage
  • Mechanical Solidarity
  • Alienation
  • Rationalization
Functionalist, mechanic and organic solidarity, individualism still relates to the entire, anomie, collective effervescence & conscience.
  • Emile Durkheim
  • Herbert Spencer
  • Auguste Comte
  • Karl Marx
A theoretical paradigm that uses the metaphor of the theater to understand how individuals present themselves to others. ERVING GOFFMAN
  • Symbolic Interactionism
  • Conflict Theory
  • Ethnomethodology
  • Dramaturgy
The new social system created out of the conflict between thesis and antithesis in a dialectical model.
  • Ideology
  • Solidarity
  • Synthesis
  • Harriet Martineau
Generated by the competition between different class groups for scarce resources and the source of all social change, according to Karl Marx.
  • Structural Functionalism
  • Symbolic Interactionism
  • Feminist Theory
  • Conflict
Owners; the class of modern capitalists who own the means of production and employ wage laborers.
  • Anomie
  • Proletariat
  • Collective Conscience
  • Bourgeoisie
A set of assumptions, theories, and perspectives that make up a way of understanding social reality.
  • Paradigm
  • Deconstruction
  • Ideology
  • Latent Functions
Conflict Theory, praxis
  • Auguste Comte
  • Emile Durkheim
  • Herbert Spencer
  • Karl Marx
The level of analysis that studies face-to-face and small-group interactions in order to understand how they affect the larger patterns and institutions of society.
  • Conflict Theory
  • Ethnomethodology
  • Microsociology
  • Anomie
A type of sociology practiced by researchers at the University of Chicago in the 1920s and 30s which centered on urban sociology and field research methods.
  • Conflict Theory
  • the Chicago School
  • Karl Marx
  • Herbert Spencer
The tendency to favor European or Western histories, cultures, and values over other non-Western societies.
  • Ethnomethodology
  • Bourgeoisie
  • Eurocentric
  • Profane
Anything that can create wealth: money, property, factories, and other types of businesses, and the infrastructure necessary to run them.
  • Means of Production
  • Proletariat
  • Bourgeoisie
  • Class Consciousness
Marx's model of historical change, whereby two extreme positions come into conflict and create some new thing between them.
  • Conflict Theory
  • Synthesis
  • Latent Functions
  • Dialectical Model
The study of "folk methods" (everyday analysis of interactions) and background knowledge that sustains a shared sense of reality in everyday interactions. HAROLD GARFINKEL
  • Ethnomethodology
  • Symbolic Interactionism
  • Dramaturgy
  • Conflict Theory
The holy, divine, or supernatural
  • Sacred
  • Profane
  • Symbolic Interactionism
  • Collective Conscience
A system of beliefs, attitudes, and values that directs a society and reproduces the status quo of the bourgeoisie.
  • Ideology
  • Alienation
  • Sociology
  • Class Consciousness
A paradigm that sees social conflict as the basis of society and social change, and emphasizes a materialist view of society, a critical view of the status quo, and a dynamic model of historical change.
  • Feminist Theory
  • Structural Functionalism
  • Conflict Theory
  • Symbolic Interactionism
The ordinary, mundane, or everyday.
  • Alienation
  • Anomie
  • Profane
  • Sacred
The less obvious, perhaps unintended functions of a social structure.
  • Rationalization
  • Latent Functions
  • Dysfunction
  • Pragmatism
The rationalization of modern society.
  • Alienation
  • Disenchantment
  • Mechanical Solidarity
  • Anomie
A group of people who shape their lives in aggregated and patterned ways that distinguish their group from other groups.
  • Society
  • Structure
  • Sociology
  • Culture Shock
The unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of a society.
  • Social Inequality
  • Social Darwinism
  • Alienation
  • Socialism
The opposition to the existing arrangements in a dialectical model
  • Thesis
  • Antithesis
  • Alienation
  • Conflict
Societies that depends on agriculture as their primary means for support and sustenance.
  • Latent Functions
  • Agrarian Societies
  • Means of Production
  • Erving Goffman
A denial of the truth on the part of the oppressed when they fail to recognize the interests of the ruling class in their ideology.
  • Collective Conscience
  • Alienation
  • False Consciousness
  • Anomie
A procedure for acquiring knowledge that emphasizes collecting concrete data through observation and experiment.
  • Sociological Perspective
  • Positivism
  • Sociological Imagination
  • Scientific Method
Criticized the hypocritical nature of American "democracy in the 1830s and translated Comte's "Introduction to Positive Philosophy" into English.
  • Emile Durkheim
  • Karl Marx
  • Auguste Comte
  • Harriet Martineau
The application of economic logic to human activity; the use of formal rules and regulations in order to maximize efficiency without consideration of subjective or individual concerns.
  • Alienation
  • Rationalization
  • Anomie
  • Verstehen
The degree of integration or unity within a particular society; the extent to which individuals feel connected to other members of a group.
  • Collective Effervescence
  • Sociological Imagination
  • Solidarity
  • Alienation
Latent and manifest functions is societal structure.
  • Karl Marx
  • Emile Durkheim
  • Robert Merton
  • Erving Goffman
A paradigm that sees interaction and meaning as central to society and assumes that meanings are not inherent but are created through interaction
  • Feminist Theory
  • Symbolic Interactionism
  • Structural Functionalism
  • Conflict Theory
A sociological approach that looks at how we create meaning in naturally occurring conversation, often by taping conversations and examining them.
  • Conversation analysis
  • Pragmatism
  • Dramaturgy
  • Ethnomethodology
Term developed by Emile Durkheim to describe the type of social bongs present in premodern, agrarian societies, in which shared traditions and beliefs created a sense of social cohesion.
  • Organic Solidarity
  • Mechanical Solidarity
  • Alienation
  • Anomie
founded ethnomethodology. believed that as a member of society we must acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to act practically in our everyday lives.
  • Robert Merton
  • Erving Goffman
  • Harold Garfinkel
  • George Herbert Mead
The level of analysis that studies large-scale social structures in order to determine how they affect the lives of groups and individuals.
  • Sociological Imagination
  • Conflict Theory
  • Macrosociology
  • Social Sciences
The obvious, intended functions of a social structure for the social system.
  • Anomie
  • Dysfunction
  • Organic Solidarity
  • Manifest Functions
Secondary groups designed to perform tasks efficiently, characterized by specialization, technical competence, hierarchy, written rules, impersonality, and formal written communication.
  • Theories
  • Anomie
  • Bureaucracies
  • Conflict
Symbolic interactionism founder, "the individual personality is shaped by society and visa versa"
  • Erving Goffman
  • George Herbert Mead
  • Emile Durkheim
  • Karl Marx
Practical action that is taken on the basis of intellectual or theoretical understanding.
  • Feminist Theory
  • Class Consciousness
  • Praxis
  • Sociological Imagination
An intense energy in shared events where people feel swept up in something larger than themselves.
  • Culture Shock
  • Solidarity
  • Collective Effervescence
  • Class Consciousness
A paradigm that proposed that categories of sexual identity are social constructs and that no sexual category is fundamentally either deviant or normal.
  • Queer Theory
  • Conflict Theory
  • Feminist Theory
  • Symbolic Interactionism
An economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and characterized by competition, the profit motive, and wage labor.
  • Capitalism
  • Communism
  • Conflict Theory
  • Socialism
A theoretical perspective that assumes organisms (including humans) make practical adaptations to their environments. Humans do this through cognition, interpretation, and interaction. WILLIAM JAMES AND JOHN DEWEY
  • Symbolic Interactionism
  • Pragmatism
  • Structural Functionalism
  • Conflict Theory
A type of critical post-modern analysis that involves taking apart or disassembling old ways of thinking
  • Praxis
  • Deconstruction
  • Conversation Analysis
  • Dramaturgy
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