the pathway by which a message travels:
  • Medium
  • Encoding
  • Decoding
  • Message
the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another
  • Encoding
  • Feedback
  • Message
  • Communication
from top to bottom. flows from a higher level to a lower level (or levels). In small organizations, top-down communication may be delivered face-to-face. In larger organizations, it's delivered via meetings, e-mail, official memos, and company publications.
  • Upward communication
  • Downward communication
  • External Communication
  • Vertical Communication
from bottom to top. flows from a lower level to a higher level(s). Often this type of communication is from a subordinate to his or her immediate manager, who in turn will relay it up to the next level, if necessary. Effective upward communication depends on an atmosphere of trust. No subordinate is going to want to be the bearer of bad news to a manager who is always negative and bad-tempered.
  • Downward communication
  • External Communication
  • Vertical Communication
  • Upward communication
follow the chain of command and are recognized as official
  • External Communication
  • Upward Communication
  • Feedback
  • Formal Communication Channels
translating a message into understandable symbols or language
  • Feedback
  • Communication
  • Noise
  • Encoding
also known as management by walking around—is the term used to describe a manager's literally wandering around his or her organization and talking with people across all lines of authority.13 Management by wandering around helps to reduce the problems of distortion that inevitably occur with formal communication flowing up a hierarchy.
  • Vertical Communication
  • External Communication
  • Management By Wandering Around (MBWA)
  • Horizontal Communication
any disturbance that interferes with the transmission of a message
  • Message
  • Feedback
  • Encoding
  • Noise
the person wanting to share information
  • Message
  • Sender
  • Feedback
  • Receiver
the message is not expressed correctly. Example: If your vocabulary is lacking or English is not your first language, you may have difficulty expressing to a supervisor, coworker, or subordinate what it is you mean to say.
  • Encoding Barrier
  • Sender Barrier
  • Feedback Barrier
  • Medium Barrier
the person for whom the message is intended,
  • Sender
  • Message
  • Receiver
  • Feedback
information
  • Receiver
  • Message
  • Feedback
  • Sender
no message gets received. Example: Because you were talking to a coworker, you weren't listening when your supervisor announced today's work assignments.
  • Decoding Barrier
  • Encoding Barrier
  • Receiver Barrier
  • Sender Barrier
flows between people inside and outside the organization. These are other stakeholders: customers, suppliers, shareholders or other owners, and so on. Companies have given this kind of communication heightened importance, especially with customers or clients, who are the lifeblood of any company.
  • Horizontal Communication
  • Formal Communication Channels
  • External Communication
  • Downward Communication
whereby the receiver expresses his or her reaction to the sender's message.
  • Feedback
  • Noise
  • Encoding
  • Message
the recipient doesn't understand the message. Example: Perhaps you're afraid to show your ignorance when someone is throwing computer terms at you and says that your computer connection has "a bandwidth problem."
  • Decoding Barrier
  • Sender Barrier
  • Medium Barrier
  • Feedback Barrier
the communication channel is blocked. Example: When someone's phone always has a busy signal or a computer network is down, these are instances of the communication medium being blocked.
  • Feedback Barrier
  • Encoding Barrier
  • Sender Barrier
  • Medium Barrier
flows within and between work units; its main purpose is coordination. As a manager, you will spend perhaps as much as a third of your time in this form of communication—consulting with colleagues and coworkers at the same level as you within the organization.
  • Downward communication
  • External Communication
  • Vertical Communication
  • Horizontal Communication
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